Quationair on Airtel Broadband Customer Satisfaction Essay

QUESTIONNAIRE BASED ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION NAME OF THE ORGANISATION:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ADDRESS / OFFICE (1) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ BRANCH OFFICE / HO †¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.( INDIA / ABROAD) CONTACT NO. (†¦S)†¦.. (1) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ INFORMATION COLLECTED FROM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DESIGNATION/ E-MAIL ID †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ NO. OF INTERNET USERS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ HOURS OF USAGE PER DAY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. * * ABOUT YOUR ORGANISATION SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. IT MANAGER †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. Overall, how do you feel about your experience with BHARTI as your Internet Service Provider? Excellent[ ] Very Good[ ] Good[ ] Fair[ ] Poor[ ] 2. Rate the following aspects of your internet connection from BHARTI ExcellentVery GoodGoodFairPoor Reliability[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Speed[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Busy signals[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Disconnects[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] 3 In speaking with your support representative, how would you rate the following as friendly, as professionalism or as in interested in solving your problem? a. Friendly As friendly as I expected[ ] Friendly[ ] Average[ ] Less friendly than I expected[ ] Unfriendly[ ] N/A[ ] b. Professionalism As professional as I expected[ ] Professional[ ] Neither professional nor unprofessional[ ] Less professional than I expected[ ] Unprofessional[ ] c. Interest in solving your problem As interested as I expected[ ] Very interested[ ] Interested[ ] Neither interested nor uninterested[ ] Uninterested[ ] 4.When solving your problem, how would you rate the information provided? Extremely well presented and understandable [ ] Well presented and understandable [ ] Sufficient to solve the problem [ ] Difficult to understand [ ] Extremely difficult to understand [ ] N/A [ ] 5. Understanding of the problem Very satisfied that my problem was understood[ ] Somewhat satisfied that my problem was understood[ ] Unsure that my problem was understood[ ] My problem was not understood [ ] Did not have the ability to solve my problem [ ] 6. Was your problem solved on this call? Yes[ ] No[ ] Do not remember[ ] Other ___________________________________ 7. If your answer to the previous question was no, why? The problem was caused by a piece of software other than Bharti software. [ ] The problem was due to a network or server outage.[ ] The problem was with my system or phone lines. [ ] I got transferred to someone who could fix my problem. [ ] I got frustrated and decided it was not worth fixing my Problem. [ ] The rep lacked the knowledge to resolve the problems With my Bharti software and connection correctly. [ ] Other ___________________________________ 8. If you needed to contact Bharti’s technical support again and were given the option to speak with this representative, would you? Yes[ ] No[ ] Undecided[ ] 9. How would you rate Bharti technical support as compared to that of other companies? Much better than other companies’ technical support.[ ] Better than other companies’ technical support.[ ] About the same quality as other companies technical support.[ ] Worse than other companies’ technical support.[ ] Much worse than other companies’ technical support.[ ] I have never contacted another company for technical support.[ ] N/A[ ]

Regarding Montessorie Education

1) One of the discoveries of Dr. Montessori about the child in the first few years needs to be active to be able to develop. Explain this statement? Ans:Introduction: Dr. Maria Montessorie has really observed a children so carefully, accurately and correctly that she can authoratively talk that â€Å" she has discovered the child†. She has designed such a nice and attractive system for children. a)Purposefull activity and discipline: As per her theory if children are assigned with puposefull task, they achieve the given target. b) Introduction of life Exercise: Even how to handle kid on the regular basis are nicely designed by her with very useful technique and the above points are mentioned below in depth as follows: a)Purposefull avtivity/ Discipline: As it is rightly said that until the age of 5 years, kids learning power is 100% and from 6-8 its 80% and later on it reduces. As I have observed if kids are given purposeful task, they will be very active until they achieve the task and once the task is over, they start loosing the interest. So to make active and develop properly task should be purposefull i. e. with proper aim, which will help them to learn something (educational) and as-well-as they will learn with fun without realizing as burden, because Maria’s theory is so intellectual, that kids learn without much efforts because of materials they used, which kids enjoy and learn. So its like†Play and Fun† Concept. e. g. If I try to teach my son to count the nos 1-20 ,it would’nt attract him, he might say out of compulsion, but won’t learn properly, but same with Maria’s theory help him learn faster like by using rhymes: one two buckle my shoes, by way of counting beads, which are colourful and attractive and some other games by these technique multipurpose activity are involved like he will learn rhymes, counting colours, shapes, etc. So it is very important to choose right kind of material for right age which will help him notonly to be active but scientifically active. The assigned task should be smartly assigned as per their interest and liking or in such a attractive style that they would like to play and which will create their interest and keep them active and curiose until they achieve it, which is helpful for both and in these manner they learn happily and without much interference of adults and efforts. b)Introduction of life Excersice: As the word itself describes day –to-day activites. It’s quite difficuly to deal with kids day-to-day task, but maria has so smartly designed the concept which really makes both life easier in tackling them. As kids are designed in one schedule/ routine, they will get used to it, initially to set the schedule and follow it’s bit difficult, but slowly they get used to it and they know what they need to do. Discipline is very important for their future development but it can be done only with love, respect and patience. If you keep giving them instruction they won’t listen all and it will be boring for them. e. g. 1) If I say my kid, go to toilet, wash your hands, flush the water, wipe ur hands, etc. These are 4 instructions, out of which he will only follow the 1(go to toilet) as that he needs, remaining he won’t. But if you say go to toilet and explain him once, what all he needs to do , he will get used to it and even without saying he will follow. Thus Parents can expect these obedience, but obedience comes only with love and not with force. ) I was trying to teach my kid about vegetables from a book and I realized he did’nt find it interesting, but out of compulsion he was trying to memorise. After reading Maria theory I try to make it very lively by taking him to shopping and showing all the vegetables and explain him and you won’t believe I was shocked, before we came he knew all the vegetables, and formed a vegetable song, because he really enjoyed rather than a b ook, so what I coul’nt do in 2 days he did it in few minutes. And these episode help me realise that right kind of technique is very important for kids. Sometimes Parents always keep on cribbling, that we put lot of efforts, but still he is same,but it’s the parents who don’t understand their need properly. Conclusion: So I agree to her theory that first few years are very crucial for their better development and for good result. One should use right methods to keep them active and develop their good future. So use right theories, material and right environment for their better future which will help you to keep them active and you will achieve good result. 2)†Montessorie method is unique because it is based on her discovering the child†. Expand on this statement. Ans:Maria Montessorie had a genius of observing it and coming to conclusion that children acted in certain manner under certain circumstances, that allowed no interference from adutls and than from house of children Casa dei Bambini was set up in 1907 in san Lorenzo Rome, Italy the 1st House of children. First House of Children was cradle in which Montessorie Method was born with no particular educational motives and here are few of her discoveries as follows. 1) Children love to work Purposefully: As it’s a human nature to work on targeted task and be active until they achieve the task, task help them go in right direction and once they achieve,their confidence is boost up. So to assign a properly designed task, which they waould find interesting is very importantand so right kind od material, environment and direction is needed to give them right task (purposefully). e. g. if u want to teach ur child about animals, rather than using the book, give him some animal puzzle, soft toys or dress him like a animal, explain the feature and create a jungle,etc. In these way he will not only learn about animals, but learn about their characteristics as well as it is very realistic for them and they will enjoy it. 2) Purposefull work lead them to unite their capacities: If the kids are assigned purposeful task, which will also help you to judge their capacities, likes, interest, etc. As they are working individually you can observe their skills and help them to rectify only when they really need you and at the same time you can easily judge their skill. 3)Exercise of Practical life: In day-to-day life we unknowingly put a lot of pressure on kid by giving unwanted instruction and orders and still he won’t learn and you lose your patience. So rather than use some Arithimatic, drama, language, music, toys and lively things which will help them to learn faster and without much efforts and make your life easier. 4) Social level: It means they should be trained on social aspect as well, like sharing behaving, etc, but these comes when they see other kids doing and imitating their adults. I try to tell my kid u shall share your toys with friends and ask before taking their toys† Can I†. He will do only if I also do the same things,as they follow their adults as –well-as in the school they learn kid sharing and helping each other. e. g. on 1 table some are doing messy work, on other some are doing craft activity, the other will come and help to cut, paste, etc and these way without saying they learn and share. 5) Discipline without Enforcement: Everybody loves discipline, but it comes with love, respect and patience. So in some schools children are forced to follow some rules by hook and crook and to achieve these result teachers try to shout on the kids which create disliking about it and won’t learn,but same things by Maria theory helps a lot by way of love and explaining and giving them a time to adapt it and they would love to follow with liking. 6) Meaning of Obedience: It’s every parents and teachers dream to have obedient kids,but nobody realize that obedience comes with love and not with force. One can be onlyobedient, when they have respect for you and at the same time their inner satisfaction is fulfilled. 7) Love of Silence: â€Å"Silence speaks Louder than words†. It has more impact than words. So if kids try to misbehave or overruleyou just give them a Stern look with silent and see the result. It work’s my friend. e. g. when my son try to overrule me, I try to explain but he ignores and than I live him and keep silent for few minutes and he does what I want, as he want me to talk to him. 8) Right Environment/Behaviour: Right environment is necessary for any human being to groq and develop. In Montessorie kids get right environment with right material, trained teachers which help them to explore and gives them freedom which at home is not possible. As they get their freedom, kids of difference age group,trained adults, materials and no adult interference which help them to develop. Conclusion: As per above discoveries we can conclude that she has really observed the child in depth and can authoritatively talk that â€Å"She discovered the child†.

Yum cha between my culture and our culture Essay

Yum cha, which is a Chinese style morning and afternoon tea, involves drinking Chinese tea and eating dim sum, which are small dishes. In expert restaurants, staff will commonly wheel around heated trolleys serving small yum cha dishes. Hong Kong also has some western food and local food, like mango pudding, egg tarts that are desserts. Before Hong Kong was occupied by British, which already had â€Å"Yum cha†. Then, this traditional is important for people. Yum cha is a habit for most of local Hong Kong people. Some of them will go to yum cha once times per week. Or they will spend a whole morning to enjoy the meal with friends. In my family, we have a traditional, dad and mum bring me to yum cha in every Sunday, on that day, and they will spend 1 to 2 hours to yum cha, to have a little gathering for us. When I was young, my parents always ordered my favourite dim sum to me, and we have lots of interesting conversation. After that, my dad would give me the pocket money; it was a great time for me. Now, I was grow up, we may not go to yum cha in every Sunday now, if we feel free, we must go to yum cha. If we decide to yum cha, I will go to the Chinese restaurant wait for my parents and ordered their favourite dim sum. But technology influence, we would not talk a lot, I only focus on my telephone, and my parents only read the newspaper. It seems a bad effect for us, not only my family. Yum cha’s original meaning is a little gathering with relative or friends, and enjoys the dim sum. Nowadays, the meaning changed. Most of teenager just hold a smartphone, and keep going touch it, just focus on it, no conversation with family. Although, our traditional was altered, we will not have yum cha in every Sunday, I believe this traditional must go on, spend some time with family, is a most important thing in my life. Chinese like goes to yum cha with family, and care about family. When we feel free, we should not only focus on friends, technology but family.

Applications of Graph Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applications of Graph Theory - Assignment Example In the case of Konigsberg problem, there were seven bridges that connected two islands to the mainland in Konigsberg. People wondered whether one could walk through the seven bridges once. Euler solved the problem by using the graph theory to prove that one could not walk through all the seven bridges once (Shirinivas et al., 2010). Concepts of graph theory are extensively applied in models and study applications in different fields. For example, graph theory concepts are used to study molecules, atoms and bond construction in chemistry. Graph theory concepts are also applied to explore diffusion mechanisms and to measure actors’ prestige in sociology. In biology, graph theory concepts such as vertex represent areas occupied by the particular species population. Edges may represent movement or migration path followed by these species. These concepts are also important in tracking the speed at which disease spread and parasite migration in the species. Several graph theoretical concepts are applied in solving different problems in operation research. For example, the graph theory concepts are used to determine the optimal assignment of tasks to individuals (Shirinivas et al., 2010). Computer science utilizes graph theoretical concepts broadly in many sections. These sections include networking, programming, data mining, security, and databases. Networking is a major area where graph theory is widely applied. The two major applications of graph theoretical concepts in networking are Shortest Path Algorithms (SPAs) and the Minimum spanning tree concept. Computer network refers to a linkage of one computer to another in order to exchange or interchange information. Computer networking depends heavily on theoretical concepts of graph theory. A simple computer network can be represented using the graph theory (Hart, 2013). Shortest Path Algorithms (SPAs) are graph theory concepts that are widely used

Events Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Events Management - Essay Example Event planning is also used within organizations to establish where an organization is at present and where it would like to be in the future, creating strategy and guides as to how to reach goals and objectives (Ivanovic, p 925). Creating a plan will require knowledge of internal and external conditions that may affect any decision that is made. Plans should be seen as directional in nature rather than conclusive and circumstances that may change need to be adapted to. A pestle analysis measures and analyzes factors such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal which are extrinsic in nature but are directly related to the success or failure of any industry. By analyzing the industry or event as a whole and producing a picture of all factors we are better able to decide what the future may bring. Event management will and can include many outside factors that will directly affect the planning process. Using a tool such as a pestle analysis will help the planning team identify and plan for all possibilities. Key factors that are identified can be explored and researched and problems can be solved before they occur. Further study can be implemented on key factors by individuals or teams assigned to that area. Depending on the complexity of the event, the event management team may be simple and include one or two individuals or may encompass groups of laborers, volunteers, committees, employees or departments. Recognizing needs will help not only in the planning and implementation of an event but in the budgeting and resource planning of the event as well. All factors noted or suggested in the pestle analysis should be explored and answered fully before the actual event occurrence.Industry trends suggest that it is a suppliers market in Europe and the UK.Whichever event planning model or strategy is used there are many factors that are consistent. Audience identification, advanced problem solving, defining program and budget and deciding on an organizational structure are components of any management plan. Whether it is a small corporate event or large event centered on an annual holiday your clients want to feel individual and as though they are attending something very special. Meetings and conventions where planning has included special amenities and guest allowances are usually those considered more successful than those without. Though events aren’t always planned with the objective or goal of entertaining a client the clients' comfort and satisfaction should always be a factor in your planning.   Whether your event is something for a very small group or a much larger group of individuals each should be treated as exclusive and special.

Friction Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Friction - Lab Report Example From the experiment, it is clear that the static friction force for block with one weight and block for two weight is higher than the kinetic friction force for both masses. This is to enable the object move at a constant velocity. The static friction force for block with one weight and two weight were 6.254  ± 0.7658 N and 3.773  ± 0.4060 N respectively. While the kinetic friction for the same masses was 2.472  ± 0.1193 N and 1.361 ± 0.09464 N. respectively. On the other hand, the co-efficient of static friction for block with one weight and two weight was 0.6134  ±0.20297 and 0.5667 ± 0.1224 respectively. While, co-efficient of kinetic friction for the same masses were 0.22127 ± 0.1224 and 0.22400  ± 0.019076. Both the coefficient of static and kinetic friction was consistent with the values obtained by other groups. These result shows that the coefficient of static friction reduces as more weight is added to the object. The same scenario is also witnessed with the coefficient of kinetic friction. However, for a clear relationship to be obtained between the co-efficient of both static and kinetic friction more weights needs to be added on the object so as to obtain a good relationship. The obtained results showed that 70 % of the measurement lied in the (average  ± one std. deviation). While, 97.5 % of the friction force lied in the (average  ± two std. deviation). Even though, the percentages of the measurements that lie (average  ± one std. deviation) and (average  ± two std. deviation) are slightly higher than 68 % and 95 % respectively. These results are can be said to be normally

High Line Park NYC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

High Line Park NYC - Assignment Example The High Line Park of New York is a prominent example, where Jacobs’s viewpoint appears to have been very effective and influential. Discussion Jane Jacobs, in her famous work The Death and Life of Great American Cities, attacked the contemporary theory of urban planning based on modernist view and furnished reasoned criticisms against the works of the renowned planners like Robert Moses who were pressing ahead with their rationalized urban planning schemes for different American cities. Jacobs’s works gained attention and credibility due to her approach that involved credible analytics to deal with the urban economic cultures of Western world. A technical point that Jacobs focused on was the analyses of contemporary federal incentives and investments in the real estate sector. Contextual to this economic view of exploiting analytical data over investment patterns and government schemes, Jacobs further remarks, â€Å"The power to destroy which is possessed by authority over credit or by management of credit is negative: it is the power to withhold credit† (Jacobs, 295). In this way, Jacobs stands for decentralization and people oriented planning. In the same context, Jacobs has explained an alternative analytical approach that could substitute this return on investment or ROI seeking economic policy. According to Jacobs, life in a city involves complex behavior of numerous individual variables which can be defined as a sort of â€Å"disorganized complexity† (Jacobs, 431, 436). From statistical point of view, Jacobs’s analytical approach can be regarded as seeming chaos. In economic sense, this seeming chaos of city life must be controlled by allowing flexibility instead of harnessing order and discipline. For example, a remotely located children’s park in a planned city is actually more unsafe than the roadside playgrounds within a crowded residential locality. In the wake of modern research and analysis, Hoch et al fro m ICMA University appear to have interpreted Jacobs’s views in a more organized way. In the chapter on â€Å"Economic Analysis†, Hoch et al (119) advocate using a comparative analysis of a local economy (under planning) against the overall national economy and industrial patterns. For example, say iron and steel industry in a country provides for 50% of the total employments generated there. In such circumstances, planning a city that has grown around a steel plant where only 10% of the residents are employed in the iron and steel industry can be troublesome. So the urban planner will need to calculate the day time and night time populations of the city separately so that the city’s importance in national economy can be better understood. Jacobs’s theory of having disorganized complexity in city life appears to be very relevant in this kind of urban scenarios. Precondition to economic analyses Hoch et al, therefore, advocate for implementing descriptive s tatistical techniques so that inferences can be firmly grounded on the basis of dependable information. And the aim of all these analytical arrangements must focus on generating reasoned â€Å"decision-making criteria† (Hoch et al, 419) to address inequities and usher at better planning that would provide for appropriate capital improvements with regard to environmental factors as well. Benefits Keeping in mind the example of High Land Park in the New York City, it should be noted that accepting Jacobs’

How does this piece of literature reflect on modern life Essay - 1

How does this piece of literature reflect on modern life - Essay Example The play ends tragically leaving the reader in a somber mood. The piece is so captivating on the chronology of the events and at the same time very educative. Morally and applicability of the story in modern life is so relevant and evident. Racism which are demonstrated at the beginning of the play when Othello is getting married to Desmoden is still biting us to date. The vice has not been eliminated yet from the global community. Revenge which is never the best way to solve problems is used b Iago, against Othello for the fact that he did not appoint him as the second in command. As we can read through, the ending of all such happenings is not good at all, therefore, denouncing revenge as a way to solve problems. There is a need to put a rationale place before attempting anything. The irrational decision and actions by Othello saw a whole bunch of people loses their lives. By entertaining the accusations from Iago, end to the solidifying of Iago needs to torture Othello and hence the tragedy at the end of the play. The conspiracy plotting effect, therefore, isn’t the means used to achieve ones ends. That all leaves the both parties as losers, therefore, there is a need to stick to the moral obligation and maintain the standards(Appignanesi, Osada, and

Riesman, how does the rise of bureaucratic Essay

Riesman, how does the rise of bureaucratic - Essay Example The â€Å"inner directed† domain of individuality loses primacy when personal values are compromised for the sake of gratifying other people. In a bureaucratic type of environment, social acceptance is deemed to be very significant. Moreover, in a mass society dominated by the attitude of following trends and fashion, the â€Å"other directed† features rule out the â€Å"inner directed†. The transition occurs whenever an individual becomes aware of the relevance of coping up with the changing times. The moment an individual learns to filter out messages from the social environment and to process these messages to something that would be beneficial for the self, then the shift from the â€Å"inner directed† to the â€Å"other directed† takes place. In simpler terms, â€Å"inner directed† character denotes individuality or independent thinking whereas â€Å"outer directed† means cooperation and the likelihood to compromise, which is the fundamental attitude requirement of advance capitalism (Kivisto 1998: p. 112). Riesman further asserts that the shift in the social character was brought about by the transition of the society. He had delineated three stages of this societal transformation: the traditional, the inner directed and the outer directed. For him, the traditional stage is the best form of social character because it has the potentiality to develop in a high degree (p. 112). In these levels of social development, Riesman integrated the concept of the old and the new middle class. The old middle class that thrived in the traditional stage were the feudal lords and other individuals from an aristocratic blood. The new middle class that arose in the contemporary period are the entrepreneurs who are driven not by competition but cooperation. These two middle classes that existed from different times were in conflict when it comes to social character. The old middle class is more inclined on

Shape and Secret Hideaway Place Essay Example for Free

Shape and Secret Hideaway Place Essay Childhood is such an innocent time in your life. Your childhood builds the foundation to which you will become. It creates the boundaries to which you will grow into. A child’s imagination is a very vivid and wide ranged. A child can see things we cannot hear, they hear things that we cannot hear. It is very detailed and sensitive and important to the overall development. It was in my childhood, where I found my secret hideaway place. I remember the day very vividly. I was 5 and still the only child. We had just moved into a one bedroom apartment, my mother and I. There were boxes everywhere, of all different sizes. My mother looked at me and said, â€Å"We’re going to save the big boxes to make you a play house†. I had no idea what a play house was, or why I even needed it. I had a ton of toys, and dolls. But I had no idea what a play house would do to enhance my play time experience. Two large cardboard boxes set the foundation to my house. Standing on the outside of the house, you could see the beautiful detail my artistic mother put into the structure. It was painted pink and yellow. There were windows, four to be exact, on each side of the house. Each window was cut from a different shape, one circle, one square, one triangle, and one rectangle. There was a flowerbed drawn under each window. The flowerbed contained different types of flowers, most of them tulips, probably because that’s the easiest to draw, all different colors and sizes. There was a little flap that served as a front door. It was painted bright red, and had a little circle knob drawn onto it as well. Walking into the house was magical. Instantly I entered into my own world. The side of my play house was just as detailed as the outside. There were four walls, and each wall contained a different color and pictures. There were real photographs of me, and my family members. There was a section that had numbers and letters so that I could practice learning them. There were pictures of teddy bears and clowns, because my mother knew there were my favorite things. There were the names of the shapes above each shaped window. In the middle of the house sat one single chair, for me to sit inside, and view the outside would through my own little window. I can remember sittings for hours. Playing and imagining different scenarios, I would teach my dolls and shapes, letters, and numbers. Sometimes the playhouse would be a mansion, and sometimes a classroom. It was my little get away, my moment within reality, a space that belonged to me and only me. I often times watched Television through the window or front door of the house. It was my look into the grown people world, from my own. I couldn’t tell you what ever happened to that little play house. I honestly don’t remember when it was taken down, or why it was taken down. It just kind of disappeared, as the reality of the adult world appeared. I am, however, grateful, for my little playhouse and the foundation it built for me in my adult life. My little play house provided me with security and substance. It taught me to use my mind, to see beyond what is in front of me and most importantly to think outside the box.

A short history of Art Nouveau, Dada and Punk Art

A short history of Art Nouveau, Dada and Punk Art I originally chose Art Nouveau as my main art period for A level art because I love the deceptively simple flowing lines and the fine detail put into every individual piece of art, ranging from jewellery to Posters, and from wall-paper by William Morris to architecture some of the most popular being The Eiffel Tower in France and the staircase of the Maison Atelier of Victor Horta in Brussels or the Liberty Company department store in London. Art Nouveau is an approach to design according to which artists should work on everything from posters to jewellery and from furniture to architecture, making art part of everyday life. Art Nouveau was the most popular artistic style in graphic art at the turn of the century and peaked in popularity at the turn of the 20th century; roughly from around 1890 to 1905. It was commonly used within architecture and decorative arts. It was quite a simplistic art style and had a whip lash ripple or floral effect where a lot of the imagery looked as though the starting point had been curved in the style of a whip curves when it is about to strike something. The movement was strongly influenced by Czech artist Alphonse Mucha, when he produced a lithographed poster which appeared on the first of January 1895 in the streets of Paris as an advertisement for the play Gismonda. It was an overnight sensation and announced itself and its creator as a new artistic form to the citizens of Paris. Originally named Mucha style, it later became known as Art Nouveau which means new art in French. Art nouveau had a fifteen year peak and was most strongly felt through Europe from Glasgow, to Moscow, to Madrid but its influence was worldwide. Art nouveau was a popular form of graphic design with detailed prints and bright colours which set the atmosphere of the imagery within. It was usually used for posters which drew the viewers eyes first to the outlined figures inside and then to the text within and then you would notice the fine detail around the whole image. The art style was a new form of Japanese inspired art and had a William Morris style of repetitiveness within the detail. I love the intricate detail of Art Nouveau, but I feel that it is not my style of art I like to produce detail pieces but a stranger style would suit me more. I have decided to move away from Art Nouveau and move more into the styles of Dada with are more interesting and confuse the viewer, the style is very different to what has been previously produced and that is why I have decided to do more of a Dada approach to my project now. Dada first started in Zurich, Switzerland, at the start of World War 1.Dada was an international movement among European artists and writers from 1915 1922 marked by a spirit of anarchic revolt against the futility and destruction of War. Dada took great pleasure in ridicule and promoted the role of the unpredictable in artistic creation. For many Dadaist, as they became to be known, their participation the movement was a protest against the conformist nationalist and colonialist interests, which many Dadaists believed were the root cause of the war, and against the cultural and intellectual conformity in art and more broadly in society that corresponded to the war. In addition to anti war, Dada was also anti bourgeois, nonconformists, and anarchist in nature French poet Tristan Tzara plunging a penknife into the pages of a dictionary to randomly find a name for the movement this act in itself displays the importance of chance within Dada art. A lack of respect was another key feature in one of Dadas most infamous exhibitions, organised by Max Ernst, axes were provided for visitors to smash all of the works available on show. Marcel Duchamp, George Grosz, Otto Dix, Hans Richter and Jean Arp are among the leading Dadaists. The movement had a strong influence on Pop art, which was sometimes called neo Dada. Dadaists seeming to show lack of seriousness towards things on the surface, the Dada artists were actually charged by false belief and moral outrage at the unprecedented carnage of World War I, and the ultimate aim of the movement was to shock people out of complacency. Dada generally involved visual arts, poetry, art manifestoes, theatre art, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti war politics through rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti art cultural works. Dadas purpose was to mock what its contenders thought to be the meaninglessness of the modern world. According to its participants, Dada was not art; it was anti art. Dada represented the opposite to everything for which art stood. I felt that Dada was quite an interesting art period due to the style of its workings and its slight mysteriousness to it. The images produced during this time were unusual at the time and were seen as weird as is seen as today. The style of Dada is quite eye catching with its strange shapes and dull colours, it makes the viewer want to try and understand the picture so in a way Dada was quite a successful form of graphic design. The Dada movement became associated with anti-aesthetic creations and protest, which were affected by disgust and despair over World War 1. By 1924, after the first World War World War I, which was lasted from July 28, 1914 to November 11, 1918 only a few years since the movement was founded Dada was melding into surrealism, and artists had gone on to other ideas and movements, including surrealism, social realism and other forms of modernism. Some theorists argue that Dada was actually the beginning of postmodern art Although the Dada period was very interesting and successful graphic design art period, I decided to evolve from this period into the form of Punk art. Punk art is more interesting for me because it uses bolder colours and has a more upfront and to the point style of things. For this reason I have chosen to move into this art period for my project. Punk has always been anti-establishment, a subversive form of protest against the status quo through outrageous and confrontational music, visuals and behaviour. At its inception it was a protest from the margins about inequality, poverty, unemployment and exclusion, and a rejection of the mythologies of the hippy dippy values of rock and peace which hid those realities. Punk fashion was primarily a demonstration of nonconformity, as well as opposition to popular culture and the hippie counterculture. Punk fashion often portrays aggression, rebellion and individualism. Some punks wear clothing or have tattoos that express sociopolitical messages. Punk visual art also often includes those types of messages. Many punks wore second hand clothing, partly as an anti-consumerist statement and partly because they were hard up. They expressed their art and their thoughts in their hair styles, their jewelry and their clothes. All were designed to shock. Punk raged against the cultural and fashion of its parents. Punk didnt belong to that mainstream; already outside, it raged against the society that had marginalized it. It was the voice of the those most affected by exclusion from mainstream society, poverty, inequality and injustice. Punk ideologists were an assembly of mixed social and political beliefs within the Punk subculture. In its first standing the Punk subculture originally was troubled with ideas such as rebellion, anti-authoritarianism, individualism, free thought and discontent. Punk ideologies are usually reflected through Punk rock music, Punk literature, spoken word recordings, Punk fashion, or Punk visual arts. Some Punks have expressed their radical views through direct action, such as protests, boycotts, squatting, vandalism, or property destruction. Some of the great punk artists include Vivian Westwood, fashion designer whose clothes epitomised the era and who today still designs to shock. The Sex Pistols whose leader Johhny Rotten would scare even political leaders because of their influence on the youth of the time. Others such as The Clash

Modernisme in de architectuur

Modernisme in de architectuur Inleiding Het modernisme in de architectuur, dat zijn ontstaan vond rond de jaren 20 van vorige eeuw, maakt vandaag de dag duidelijk deel uit van de architectuurgeschiedenis en is op deze manier deel van de traditie die zich onbewust voortzet in ons denken over architectuur. De kerngedachte van het modernisme is echter samen met zijn grootste pionier, Le Corbusier, gestorven. Het modernisme is een belangrijke inspiratiebron geweest voor verscheidene denkers in architectuur en daarbuiten. Omdat ze voor een radicale breuk zorgde met de bestaande traditie in het denken over architectuur en het realiseren van ideeà «n. Maar na onderzoek te verrichten binnen het modernisme, blijkt er een verschil te zijn tussen het schoolse voorbeeld van modernisme en de toepassing op woningen. Zo vindt men de basis ideologie wel terug, maar hanteert men in woningen zachtere en voorzichtigere toepassingen. pDe kerngedachte van het modernisme stond haaks op wat de overblijfselen van de 19de eeuwse architectuur, die zich vooral richtte op de faà §aden van woningen, ons toont. Er was niet veel sprake van leef- en woonkwaliteit, en de modernisten trachtten hierin een verandering te brengen, het interieur moest als een woonmachine beschouwd worden. Hierbij krijgt het functionele karakter voorrang op de vorm, waarbij licht, lucht en zicht vooropgesteld werd. Ontwerpers verlaten het ornament en zoeken naar eenvoud en eerlijkheid. Sobere en geometrische vormgeving wordt verwezenlijkt door het gebruik van moderne materialen. Op vlak van interieur betekende dit vooral dat er meer open ruimtes gecreà «erd werden, muren worden weggelaten, elektrisch licht die vanuit techniek omgezet wordt naar vormgeving. Inbouwmeubilair werd niet langer beschouwd als een meubel, maar nam plaats in als onderdeel van de ontworpen ruimte. Nog een belangrijke aanpassing was een eigen voordeur als onderdeel van de identiteit van elke woning, wat voorheen niet gebruikelijk was. Het modernisme diende als inspiratiebron op gebied van vormentaal, werkwijze en materialen in de latere stromingen. Vele van deze stromingen zijn echter een zwak afstammeling van wat het modernisme voor de architectuur betekend heeft. Wat de modernisten vaak verweten wordt, is dat de ruimtes die ze verwezenlijkten niet bestemd waren om in te wonen. De oorzaak is volgens ons te vinden bij de oorsprong van hun inspiratie. Modernisten hanteerden principes die afgeleid waren van gebouwen die de tand des tijd doorstaan hebben. Zo vond Le Corbusier zijn typologie uit tempels, die voor hem zuiverheid voorstelden. Ook Mies Van der Rohe tekende ruimtes die een meerwaarde bieden, maar die niet gebouwd zijn met de noden van een samenleving in het achterhoofd. Ze zijn het product van een denken, en zijn dus logischerwijze ook een product van de tijd waarin Mies van de Rohe leefde. Maar anderzijds wilde hij zich bezighouden met de architectuur op zich, en niet met de fenomenen die zich aandienden in de maatschappij. Zijn architectuur is op een bepaalde wijze volmaakt en correct, en net daarom wordt ze onbewoonbaar. Le Corbusier, echter, hield er geschriften op na waaruit zijn diepgaande interesse in de maatschappij bleek en de mate waarin zijn architectuur in die maatschappij voluit kon functioneren. Standaardisatie is, kort omschreven, wat Le Corbusier propageerde een kleine honderd jaar geleden. En dit is juist de paradox van het modernisme. Enerzijds brengt het vernieuwing teweeg, gesteund door idealisme dat onze grenzen verlegt. Maar eenmaal die vernieuwing voor weelde zorgt, verdwijnt het idealisme. De vernieuwing verspreidt zich niet meer, maar evolueert ter plaatse. Een belangrijke zijstroming van het modernisme, is het functionalisme, ook wel het Nieuwe Bouwen genoemd. Deze term wordt in de Nederlandse architectuurgeschiedenis gehanteerd tussen 1925 en 1940 voor modernistische architectuur binnen Nederland. Het gaat niet noodzakelijk om een nieuwe bouwstijl, maar eerder een nieuwe bouworganisatie, die een antwoord moest bieden aan de economische en demografische schaalvergroting, die problematisch bleek in die tijd. De aanhangers van het modernisme waren er van overtuigd dat de stijgende bevolkingsdensiteit niet langer kon gehuisvest worden, indien men bleef vasthouden aan de gebruikelijke manier van bouwen. Standaardisatie en schaalvergroting stonden centraal bij het functionalisme. De voorgestelde oplossingen bleken echter radicaal. Ze richtten zich op collectieve bouw, met praktische indeling, comfort en licht. De publieke ruimte werd voorzien van parken en pleinen. Ontwerpers trachtten de confrontatie met de straat, die in hun ogen te direct was, te veranderen. Zonlicht en natuur dienden de agressiviteit van de straten te verzachten. Naar woningen toe werd dit uitgebreid door ruim verglaasde gevels te plaatsen. Zadeldaken, schoorstenen en donkere gevels werden vervangen door pleisterwerk, glas- en metaalconstructies. In de ogen van modernisten waren dit, stuk voor stuk, nederige materialen die waardevol bleken vanwege de inherente schoonheid van hun lijnvoering en vormgeving die ze teweeg brachten.1 De gebouwen hadden een zwaar uiterlijk, maar stonden dankzij staal- en gewapend betonconstructies verheven boven het straatniveau. Architecten die tot het Nieuwe Bouwen gerekend werden, vonden steun bij het Bauhaus en Le Corbusier. Ze groepeerden zich in de 8 en Opbouw, waaronder Van Eesteren, B. Bijvoet, J. Duikers, W. Van Tijen, J.J. Van Loghem, J.J.P. Oud, J.A. Brinkman en L.C. Van der Vlught. Deze laatste twee hebben de Van Nellefabriek in Rotte rdam verwezenlijkt en zijn zeker noemenswaardige architecten binnen deze stijl. Wat ze voor ons in deze essay belangrijk maakt, zijn hun bewoonbare woontypologie. Een van die huizen is het inmiddels gerestaureerde woonmuseum Huis Sonneveld. Het huis Sonneveld is ondertussen een boegbeeld geworden voor het Nieuwe Bouwen. Huis Sonneveld Om het modernisme in zijn totaal beeld beter te begrijpen, leek het ons het beste een concreet voorbeeld te bespreken en hierin alle aspecten van het tijdsbeeld duidelijk te maken. De verwezenlijking dat ons hiervoor uitermate geschikt leek, is het reeds eerder vermelde huis Sonneveld. Sonneveld is gelegen aan de Jongkindstraat nabij het museumpark in Rotterdam. De woning werd omstreeks 1933 ontworpen door het architectenbureau Brinkman en Van der Vlugt. Zij hadden eveneens de fabriek ontworpen voor Albertus Sonneveld. Deze laatste was zodoende tevreden dat hij een verzoek deed om zijn woning ook te ontwerpen. A. Sonneveld was een vicedirecteur van de Van Nellefabriek in Rotterdam. Door zijn reizen naar Amerika wist hij wat er zich afspeelde op gebied van hygià «ne, luxe en comfort. Van zijn functionalistische architecten verwachte hij ook niet anders dan dat dit ook werd toegepast op zijn woning. De opdrachtgever was gefascineerd door technologie die het dagelijkse leven kon vereenvoudigen. Huis Sonneveld wordt gekenmerkt door gesamtkunstwerk. De betrokken architecten hebben weliswaar niet alles zelf ontworpen, maar waren bij elk aspect van de woning betrokken. Op deze manier hebben ze doorheen het hele gebouw hun stempel opdrukken. De woning wordt gekenmerkt door licht, lucht en ruimte. De vaststelling bleek duidelijk door het kijken naar de architectuur, het kleurgebruik en het interieur met modernistisch meubilair. Als we enkel naar het exterieur van het gebouw kijken, merken we veel gelijkenissen op met de bekendere architect, Le Corbusier. Huis Sonneveld werd opgebouwd uit drie bouwlagen met bovenop een dakterras. De voor- en achtergevel zijn witgepleisterd en bevatten bandramen om een relatie te creà «ren tussen binnen en buiten. Le Corbusier ontwierp woonmodules gelijkaardig aan waaruit deze woning is opgebouwd. De woonmodules worden op elkaar gestapeld en men tracht de buitenwereld binnen te halen. Vandaag is er niet veel meer van te merken, aangezien de natuurlijke omgeving in Rotterdam heeft plaatsgemaakt voor een museumpark. De toegepaste panoramavensters, het dakterras, de witte gevel en een vrij plan, vinden we ook reeds terug in de pijlers van Le Corbusier. Om een vrij plan te verzekeren werd een staalskelet toegepast. Betonvloeren verzekerde grotere overspanningen, waarbij men de aftekening van de bekisting in sommige ruimtes nog zichtbaar liet. Er wordt gespeeld met een verbinding tussen binnen en buiten, deels door een accurate toepassing van glas, anderzijds door open elementen te hanteren. Alle vertrekken staan in directe toegang met de tuin of de verscheidene terrassen. Deze verbinding geeft dat de woning verlengd wordt van het interieur naar buiten toe. De ruime en talrijke buitenruimtes bieden lucht en ruimte aan het geheel. Behalve de woning, werd ook de tuin en het volledige interieur ontworpen door de architecten Brinkman en Van der Vlugt. Beschrijving ontwerp De ideologie van het modernisme, het Nieuwe Bouwen, is duidelijk terug te vinden in het interieur van Huis Sonneveld. Zo werd er gebruik gemaakt van materialen die het tijdperk kenmerken. In de woning treffen we betonnen vloeren, stalen kolommen en stalen kozijnen aan. Die kozijnen zijn inmiddels tijdens de restauratie vervangen door aluminium kozijnen. Door de toepassing van een stalen skeletbouw werd de woning vrijgesteld van dragende wanden. Zoals het werd voorgedaan door Le Corbusier, werd de binnenruimte ingedeeld met een vrij plan en bandramen, die een overvloedige lichtinval verzekeren. Het platte dak biedt een plaats voor het dakterras. Van de drie bouwlagen, is de begane grond van het huis de enige die geen woonfunctie bevatte, vergelijkbaar met Villa Savoie van Le Corbusier dat enkele jaren voordien werd opgeleverd. Op dit niveau bevond zich de inkom, een garage en de dienstenvertrekken. Ook bevond zich hier de studeerruimte van de dochters Sonneveld. Aan de benedenverdieping te zien, is het duidelijk dat het hier om een kapitaalkrachtig gezin ging. De twee bedienden die steeds aanwezig waren in de woning beschikten over een eigen slaapkamer en een bescheiden leefruimte, afgescheiden van de werkgevers. Deze verdieping onderscheidt zich van de bovenliggende verdiepingen die de woning huisvesten van de familie Sonneveld. Men ontving gasten in de hal, waarna deze via de trap naar de woonvertrekken van het gezin kon worden geleid. Deze brede trap is bekleed met zwart marmer, waar rubber op stroken is bevestigd om het geluid te dempen. De trap draait als een schroef door het hele huis. De centrale as is open en de glanzend chromen leuningen werken als feestelijke serpentines, die de vorm begeleiden. Voor het personeel was er een apart trappenhuis voorzien om zich in alle bescheidenheid over de verdiepingen te begeven. Deze stond in directe verbinding met de keuken en een elektrische lift voor de afgeleverde goederen. Men had echt nagedacht over circulatie, privacy en voornamelijk technologie. De indeling van deze verdieping werd open opgevat. De ontwerper concipieerde een leefniveau met vloeiende overgangen. Men kiest voor een enkele leefruimte te ontwerpen, waarbinnen alle handelingen kunnen gebeuren, maar waarbij men steeds opteert de connecties van andere functies te betrekken. Echter blijkt wel dat er hier een beetje voorzichtig werd omgesprongen met die openheid. Er is namelijk een afscheidende schuifwand aanwezig. Hierin onderscheidt het Huis Sonneveld zich wel met het modernisme in vergelijking met Le Corbusier, waarbij meer gedurfd wordt te experimenteren met het vrije plan. Aan de andere kant kan dit ook toespelen op de discussie, i.v.m. de leefbaarheid van het modernisme. De schuifwand scheidt namelijk de woonkamer af van de bibliotheek en de eetkamer, waardoor binnen het gezin een soort van privacy kan gegarandeerd worden. De meubels die in deze ruimte zijn geplaatst, werden door de architecten en de opdrachtgever uitgekozen via een catalogus van Gispen Dat voor A. Sonneveld technische voorzieningen een vereiste was, is eerder al vermeld. Maar wat opmerkelijk blijft, is de doorgedrevenheid van die technische voorzieningen. Zo zou de woning vandaag nog steeds beschouwd kunnen worden als een luxewoning. Een ingebouwde luidspreker verbond tien telefoontoestellen, voor de communicatie binnenshuis. Twee andere telefoontoestellen verzorgde communicatie met de buitenwereld. De goederenlift die zich naast de openhaard bevond, werd gebruikt om hout vanuit de kelder naar boven aan te voeren. De keuken werd op alle manieren als een laboratorium beschouwd. De oorspronkelijke aankleding van de keukenkastjes bestond uit stalen deurtjes, die nadien bij restauratie vervangen werden door houten panelen. Ook de aparte circulatie van het dienstpersoneel doet dit vermoeden. Vanuit de keuken kon eten worden doorgegeven via een luik naar de eetkamer toe. Op de bovenste verdieping, bevonden zich de grote slaapkamer, kleedkamer en badkamer van de ouders evenals de slaapkamers en aparte badkamer van de dochters. In deze badkamer waren een ligbad, een toilet en twee wastafels beschikbaar. Ook was er een logeerkamer en een linnenkamer aanwezig. Op het dak werd er ook een dakterras voorzien. Maar ook op de eerste en tweede verdieping waren buitenruimten gecreà «erd, onder de vorm van balkons. De slaapkamers van de dochters waren beiden ingericht met identieke meubels en hier zijn ingebouwde kasten een deel van het geheel. De dochters bezaten elk over een eigen balkon. Aan de andere kant van de gang van deze verdieping bevond zich de riante slaapkamer van de ouders. Deze bezat aan twee zijden een buitenterras. Vanuit de ruime slaapkamer was ook een eigen badkamer bereikbaar voor de ouders. Deze badkamer symboliseerde in de jaren 30 de apotheose van het modernisme. Ze was ruimer dan de andere badkamer, bezat eveneens een ligbad. Een ultramoderne Amerikaanse douche vervolledigde het tijdsbeeld. De douche bezat 1 grote douchekop en werd aangevuld met 9 massagesproeikoppen. Vernieuwingen in materialen In het huis werd moeite noch geld gespaard om de nieuwste materialen en technieken voor te stellen. In tegenstelling tot donkere parketvloeren met handgemaakte tapijten, vindt men hier vloeren uit linoleum en rubber. De leidingen werden doordacht weggestoken in schachten, die soortgelijk waren aan hedendaagse leidingschachten. Deze detaillering werd nagedaan van fabrieksontwerpen. Behalve de studeerkamer van de dochters, werd er in elke kamer een linoleum of rubberen vloer gelegd. Dit materiaal was in die tijd vrij duur en werd tot dan doe enkel geplaatst in ziekenhuizen, vanwege zijn hygià «nische kenmerken. Linoleum is ook niet vochtdoorlatend en werd naar onderhoud toe geà «xalteerd door gebruikers. De bewoners bevonden dit materiaal eerder kaal en ongezellig. Er werd daarom geopteerd om de ruimte aan te kleden met een warmer materiaal, dat een leefbaarder antwoord bood. Moderne tapijten bleken de geschiktste aankleding. Het meubilair en de verlichting werden door Gispen ontworpen. Meestal ging het over een meubelstuk dat verkrijgbaar was in de bestaande handel van Gispen, maar sommige meubels werden aangepast aan de visie van de architecten. Gispen begon al in een vroeg stadium van het modernisme te experimenteren met moderne verlichting. Hij stelde zijn lampontwerpen samen uit zuivere vormen. Liefst waren zijn creaties zuiver geometrisch opgebouwd, zoals van een modernist werd geacht. De buislampen, die reeds veel weg hebben van TL-lampen, in Huis Sonneveld, zijn van de hand van Gispen. Zijn bewondering voor de buisstoelen van Marcel Breuer, zorgde ervoor dat hij zelf begon te experimenteren met buismeubelen. In 1928 startte de productie van zijn stalen buismeubelen. De stalen buismeubelen paste door vormgeving, functionaliteit en transparantie bij het Nieuwe Bouwen. Door met een minimum aan materiaal een stoel te ontwerpen werd een open structuur verkregen. Verder maakte een minimalisering van stoffering, glanzende chroomafwerking en de toepassing van transparante tafelbladen, het mogelijk om de meubels seriematig te produceren. De serieproductie gaf ook aanleiding om het produceren van een catalogus, waardoor nieuwe meubels toegankelijker werden voor het grote publiek. Het algemene devies ven het Nieuwe bouwen: licht, lucht en ruimte werd hier wel gealterneerd in een luxe uitvoering ervan: sfeer, hygià «ne en comfort.2 Kenmerken die A. Sonneveld eiste. Het totaalconcept moest ook kloppen en men ging zelfs zo ver dat er ook serviesgoed en glazen speciaal werden ontworpen. Kleurgebruik Het kleurgebruik werd voor de restauratie geanalyseerd om de juiste kleuren te kunnen weergeven, aangezien de tijd ervoor had gezorgd dat kleuren vervaagden of overschilderd werden. Het kleurenprogramma van Huis Sonneveld werd ontworpen door kunstenaar Bart van der Leck. Volgens de restauratiearchitect, Joris Molenaar, kan het kleurgebruik opgedeeld worden in drie zones. De eerste zone was de woonkamer, de tweede zone betrof de eetkamer en studio en de laatste zone bestond uit de dienstenvertrekken. De woonkamer met bijhorende bibliotheek werd uitgebeeld in aardtinten. Bruin, brons en beige waren de aangenamere versies van het puristische wit, waar door modernisten zo graag naar werd gegrepen. Elk detail van deze ruimte werd door een kleurenschema bepaalt, zo zijn de gordijnen, de tapijten en zelfs de schuifwand in diezelfde kleuren. De bekleding van de meubels steekt een beetje meer af ten opzichte van de sobere ruimte, maar blijven steeds binnen hetzelfde thema. De volgende kleurgroep spreidt zich over de eetkamer en de studio. In tegenstelling tot het vorige kleurenschema, waar de kleuren aan elkaar aangepast waren, domineren de kleuren de ruimte hier. Primaire kleuren confronteren de pasteltinten die aanwezig zijn. Tenslotte werden de dienstvertrekken uitgevoerd in beige met als accentkleur dieprood. Op de gangen wordt datzelfde beige gecombineerd met gele deurvlakken. In elk aspect van het huis is even modern en conceptueel opgevat, zo werd er opgemerkt dat de kleedkamer van de ouders en de badkamer van de dochters afweek van het kleurenschema. De kleedkamer werd uitgevoerd in appelgroen. De badkamer van de meisjes werd dan weer bekleed met bolle tegeltjes in een pastelgroen. Deze twee vertrekken lijken eerder Art Nouveau dan Modernisme.

Good User Interface :: essays research papers

A Good User Interface Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The majority of today ¡Ã‚ ¦s businesses use the internet to expand their customer base. However, there are several companies who will publish their site on the World Wide Web, before reviewing its user friendliness. And in doing so, they may be losing a customer, due to the poorly designed aspects of that web interface. So, what makes a website a good user interface? Which sites are examples of this, and which sites are not? In the following information, there will be descriptions, benefits, and examples of both types of interfaces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important aspect of a user friendly site is the speed of loading the site. For some new surfers, a fast internet connection does not exist. Therefore, it is important to limit the graphics on a web site. Those sites that fill the home page with mostly graphics and images, may find their potential client dropping the page at 50%. An example of such a site is the following wedding photography site: http://www.mindysonshine.com/ Its home page contains mostly digital pictures which take a while to load, before the end user can view what the photographer has to offer. Obviously, a photographer ¡Ã‚ ¦s web site should contain images of their work. However, the requirement would have been better accomplished by limiting the digital images to a link off of the home page as opposed to the opening page. In doing so, a potential customer would be able to open the home page to learn what services are offered, package pricing, and the studio location, prior to becoming impatient, thus moving onto another photographers site.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A website with a well-designed layout is also important to users. It is their window to view what the company has to offer. If the website ¡Ã‚ ¦s layout and appearance is confusing and inefficient, most customers will simply go elsewhere. According to KarenHolman, Information Specialist for Outreach Communications and Technology,  ¡Ã‚ §A good web site puts the needs of its users first.  ¡Ã‚ § Her site lists the following recommendations for attaining this goal „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Know your audience: Who is the end user for the site? „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Satisfy the users' basic questions: Is the information complete and up to date? „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Content remains king: The content answers questions, has no spelling and punctuation errors, is dated and signed, and contains a contact. „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page Design: Loads quickly, presents information in first one or two pages, and limits special effects. „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Working links: Links are tested regularly to ensure they are working.

The Educational Benefits of Video Games Essay -- Persuasive Teaching E

The Educational Benefits of Video Games The repetition of the statement claiming that video games do not help children in their educational enterprises is unfair. There have been numerous studies conducted providing evidence that children gain structural knowledge while engaging in video game play (Pillay 2002). Certainly, different styles of video games may produce different results. It is important for us to understand the different benefits from the various styles of games. Because students play a wide variety of games, they may have a repertoire of schemas with different information (Pillay 2002). Visual Skills A majority of the studies conducted discussed results regarding visual skills. The appreciation of visual skill increase is attributed primarily to action video games. Due to the number of varied tasks, the demands may result in brain changes and improve visual skills. Action video games could be used in the treatment programs of people with visual problems (Chudler 2003). They may increase children’s hand-eye coordination and attention to detail (Cesarone 1994). Action video gamers tend to be more attune to their surroundings. Medal of Honor is one game highly recommended to increase visual attentiveness. Studies of those who played this game show they could drive down the street and more likely identify a child that was running after a ball than a non-video gamer (Roach 2003). Researchers Greene and Bavelier at the University of Rochester in New York conducted a study and had students play action video games. The students had to play four days a week for six months. Those who were trained playing the video games:  · Had better visual skills and visual attention  · ... ... simulation. Retrieved October 1, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://creativeteachingsite.com/videogames.htm. Pillay, H. (2002). An investigation of cognitive processes engaged in by recreational computer game players: implications for skills of the future. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 34.3, 336-350. Roach, J. (2003, May). Video games boost visual skills, study finds. National Geographic News. Retrieved October 1, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/05/0528_030528_videogames. html. Rosas, R., Nussbaum, M., Cumsille, P., Marinov, V., Correa, M., Flores, P., Grau, V., Lagos, F., Lopez, X., Lopez, V., Rodriguez, P. & Salinas, M. (2003). Beyond nintendo: design and assessment of educational video games for first and second grade students. Computers & Education, 40.1, 71-94.

Women and Religion in the Middle East

Religion and Women in the Middle East Religion goes hand in hand with culture, and in the Muslim countries this is very apparent. The cultural importance of men over women may have stemmed from religion, however it was further recognized when imperialist countries introduced capitalism and class divides. â€Å"Islam must combat the wrenching impact of alien forces whose influence in economic, political, and cultural permutations continues to prevail† (Stowasser 1994, 5).Now, instead of an agrarian state where both men and women had their place, difficulties have formed due to the rise in education and awareness that women can and do have a place in society beyond domestic living Though women are not equal to men anywhere around the world, the differences between men and women are greater possibly in the Muslim world, partially due to religion and culture. â€Å"Fewer women are educated in the Muslim world than in other culture areas†¦The percentage of women working other than agriculture is probably the smallest in the world, the birth rate the highest, and the laws regarding marriage and related matters most unequal† (Stowasser 1994, 5). Though, of recent years inequality has been blamed on the Islamic religion, gender inequalities were in the Middle East before Islam. However, by radical groups and male elite, women are being discriminated because of their gender due to religious connotations amongst other things. The male bias, like in most religions, has been enforced within society like in the text of the Qur’an.Keddie and Beck asserts that, â€Å"In Islamic law women have male guardians; woman’s testimony is worth half that of a man; women are considered to have less reason than men† (Beck and Keddie 1978, 25-26). So the Qur’an in many of the Middle Eastern countries has been taken and formed in ‘Islamic Law’ which may not entirely reflect what is said in the Holy Book, but has been used to discr iminate and divide, not only gender, but class and status. What will be discussed is the divide between men and women due to religion, and why that is in certain countries in the Middle East and not others.It is not necessarily the Qur’an that has brought about the discrimination of women. There is male dominance in most every religious book. However it is how it has been translated, either by modernists, conservatives, and fundamentalists and how this has altered the treatment of women in society. In addition to this, it is also important to consider the country and how it is run. In the Middle East, regime is varied and eclectic; it would seem that the countries that are run by elite monarchists such as Saudi Arabia, have stricter laws on women and are more conservative or fundamental Islamists.On the other hand, countries that have a more lenient approach have better education and rights for women (though still not as forward as some Western countries). These thoughts by f undamentalists or conservatives relate to Muhammed’s spouses and how they are discussed in the Qur’an as there are no female prophets. According to Stowasser, the main components and treatment of women are set in the Qur’an, which is ‘segregation and quiet domesticity; modest comportment, indeed, invisibility through veiling; ascetic frugality; devout obedience to God and His Prophet.Insofar as the latter was these women’s husband, special emphasis is also placed on wifely obedience (Beck and Keddie 1978, 118). ’ This is seen as a very conservative view and parts of the Qur’an have been used to determine this, which is said to be harmful to women. Modern interpretations of the Qur’an suggest that manipulation of texts has led to foreign intervention due to human rights issues on gender. However, the modernists do not believe in segregation, and though religion is important to have, you should not be discriminated on how devout y ou are.They use the Qur’an not in a literal sense, but in a way which fits into modern society and works with both genders. The teachings in the Qur’an can be twisted either way. Practices of fundamental Islamists vary when it comes to marital rights, education, and behavior and punishment of women according to the Qur’an. In some societies, women in the judicial process have very few rights that are the same as men, and their punishment seems to be much greater. Treatment by the Taliban in Afghanistan, and by other groups such as the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood all contribute to how women are treated legally.Zohreh Arshadi asserts that in countries such as Iran, â€Å"The Islamic punishments have encouraged a culture of violence against women†¦ The fact that men receive a lighter punishment if they commit a violence against women undoubtedly encourages such violence. We saw how women could be killed with impunity during alleged adultery. Stoning t o death for adultery, although technically admissible for both sexes, has also been carried out mainly against women† (Arshadi 2012).It is in countries such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, and some non-Middle Eastern countries where the Qur’an is taken as a literal word and law, and there is constituted into actual state law. This means that certain texts from the Qur’an are used to treat women violently. For example a passage in the Qur’an states: Hadith Muslim (4:1982)   The Prophet said, â€Å"I saw Hell also. No such (abominable) sight have I ever seen as that which I saw today; and I observed that most of its inhabitants were women. They said: Messenger of Allah, on what account is it so?He said: For their ingratitude or disbelief (bi-kufraihinna). It was said: Do they disbelieve in Allah? He said: (Not for their disbelief in God) but for their ingratitude to their husbands. † Again, the inferiority of women to men that is listed in the Q ur’an has meant that fundamentalist groups put pressures on women that is not apparent for the men. The repetition of how ‘unholy’ and disobedient women are means that is the way they are treated, which infringes on their rights. This was apparent in Kuwait, where a monarch (Sheikhs) and the elite ruled with heavy Islamic laws until the 1980s.There were no schools for girls; it was compulsory for women to be covered in only black by puberty, where then they would soon be married; and Polygamy was common place where not only could a man have up to four wives (condoned by Islamic Law) but could also keep female slaves (Beck and Keddie 1987, 174). This is a typical scene in fundamental countries; women with no education, little rights that match the men, and severe punishment if thought to be misbehaving. Though this has changed since the 1980s, it will still haunt their history.Though there are very few states that are run by this ancient Islamic way, there are sti ll groups that carry this out in modern Middle Eastern countries. For instance the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt have carried out ritual beatings and stoning of women, and it has been made clear they use the Qur’an as a way of putting women in a domestic place only. Asserted by a female blogger in Egypt ‘It is abundantly clear that the Muslim Brotherhood do not see women rights as natural and inalienable. Their rights must be restricted by Sharia and their duties in society; duties which are in themselves dictated by Sharia. (2011. On Coptic Nationalism; The Position of the Muslim Brotherhood on Women and Children – Analysis and Critique of the FJP’s Parliamentary Election Program. ) Another example is the Taliban in Afghanistan. The Revolutionary Women of Afghanistan have claimed that there is whipping, beating, and verbal abuse of women not clothed in accordance with Taliban rules. For instance not having their ankles covered, adultery, and with the ban of cosmetics even painted nails could result with their fingers being cut off. (2012.Punishment of Muslim Women. ) This punishment and treatment is said to be within Islamic teachings, however it is conservative and fundamentalist groups that read the Qur’an literally that enforce such rulings. When we talk of fundamentalist countries in the Middle East in association with religion, Saudi Arabia comes to mind. It is, so to speak, the heartland of religious and holy land. Mecca and Medina, the place where billions take holy migration to, is situated here and therefore Saudi Arabia has strong religious ties and feelings within.It is ruled by the Saud family, who are said to be direct descendants of the prophet Muhammed. The Saud family uses this as a determinant of power. George Lipsky claims that, ‘[Saud’s] used this deeply conservative and puritanical Sunnite orthodoxy as a basic instrument for gaining and wielding power. The result was the creation of a political order in which paramount authority is in the hands of an executive who fills three traditional roles, that of the tribal leader, religious leader, and king. ’ (Lipsky, George A. 1959. Saudi Arabia; its people, its society, its culture.New Haven: Hraff Press. Pg 5) This should assert that the Saudi Kingdom rules by very traditional and conservative ways, including religion. ‘The public practice of any form of religion other than Islam is prohibited in Saudi Arabia. Severe punishment (imprisonment and deportation) can result should such activities come to the attention of the authorities. ’ (British Embassy Riyadh. 2012. UK in Saudi Arabia. http://ukinsaudiarabia. fco. gov. uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/living-in-saudi-arabia/) All laws in Saudi are based from the Qur’an, and the law is sharia.This means that as an extremely religious country, it has had problems facing gender equality and human rights. The penalty for any misconduct, be it adultery to dr essing ‘inappropriately’ is punishable by public beheading or death by stoning. To enforce religious law, the Mutawwa or religious police have been put in place. Mutawwa police have the right to cut off women’s left hand if misbehaving. It is this large enforcement of extreme religion which has gained attention from the Western countries, but little else due to their huge amounts of oil.Lipsky reiterates that, ‘Women, the vast majority of whom live in seclusion and are almost totally without education. ’(Lipsky, George A. 1959. Saudi Arabia; its people, its society, its culture. New Haven: Hraff Press. pg 131) There have been countless claims and acts of violence towards women due to ‘religion. ’ However, it is more of a way for the Saud regime to stay in power, religion is used as a means of quieting the masses. Though the country is forever modernizing, and women’s groups funded by the West are starting to show, the punishment f or speaking out is far too dangerous and risky.Modernization of the Middle East has had it’s implications, good and bad. The treatment of women and their rights in most countries have improved. The countries that were colonized have modernized much more than the Middle Eastern areas that were ignored by imperialist. Politically, economically, and socially these countries have improved their human rights with the course of industrialization. The gap between women and men has not gotten worse, but instead have been brought to the attention of international human rights advocators.Countries such as Iraq, Egypt, Syria, and other revolutionary countries has seen the rise in female activists of the Islamic religion. This may be due to these countries more lenient state approach to having Islam as a main feature of their political system. As these states have seen the rise in social demands for political reform, it means their policies are more liberal than that of a monarchical run state with heavy religious influence. Stowasser asserts that, â€Å"Modernists have long opposed the notion that women’s segregation is a necessary aspect of moral Muslim society† (Stowasser 1994, 132).She goes onto agree with modernists who maintain that, â€Å"the Qur’an established women’s equality with men in all essential respects, a fact misunderstood by Medieval Muslim lawyers† (Stowasser 1994, 132). ’ Modernists believe that many fundamentalist groups manipulate what the text of the Qur’an says in order to fit their social rule. With the study of Kuwait, modernization of the country brought much social reform and change. Instead of the state being run by heavy Islamic law and religious lineage, Beck and Keddie say that, â€Å"the community and education of women [in Kuwait] had been the entry of women into government service†¦Hundreds of Kuwaiti women [are] working in schools and offices alongside men† (Beck and K eddie 1978, 175). Though there are still problems facing women in Kuwait, due to modernization, religion has less of a restrictive connotations, and more of a liberating one. When speaking of modernization versus fundamentalism, in terms of religious rule, the dress code and especially the Hijab and veiling is a topic that determines how liberal a state is on religion and gender. Initially, the dress code of women, particularly the Hijab, was mainly a garment of status.In the Qur’an, it says that women must be dressed modestly and cover in accordance so. Again, it is how groups and states interpret the Qur’an and how extreme and literal they take this to mean. Still today the way a woman dresses reveals status and wealth, though punishment for covering that is not in accordance to law or is seen as provoking can be punished with death. Though the veiling of women has initial religious meanings, it has become more of a political gesture and stance. To not be seen with a veil or appropriate dress has ‘Western’ connotations, which has negative implications.Leila Ahmed agrees that, â€Å"it is a discourse on women and the veil in which another history is also inscribed, the history of colonial domination and the struggle against it and the class divisions around that struggle† (Ahmed 1992, 130). ’ It has little to do with religion; however, the veil has been used as a way to enforce religion in fundamentalist areas. It is more of a way to speak against imperialists and the Western world, not necessarily religion. Haddad and Esposito assert that, ‘The veil and Islamic dress are the outward obvious signs of women’s adherence to the new Islamic trends.However, the veil and formal compliance with tradition do not necessarily mean commitment to all the ideological baggage associated with it† (Haddad 1998, 182). They agree that is mainly a conservative way of approaching Islam and anti-imperialist feelings. Tho ugh the discourse on the Hijab and dress has been battered with human rights issues, it is not religion to blame, only the extreme use of it in states. Due to modernization, the human rights of women in the Middle East and the

AIDS essay †Advanced technologies in research, diagnosis and treatment of AIDS and in oncology Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper seeks to investigate the research undertaken in third world and developing countries. The extent to which the research goes, how it is regulated, what are the measures that protect the country population from being exploited. What are the regulations of research in Malta?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One regulation is that any research involving biomedical things must be submitted to a medical research ethics committee. Any research that touches on human beings must be taken to University research ethics committee. Any researchers whose research involves animals must submit a proposal of the intended research to an ethics committee. It is the only exemption since the other researchers do not require proposal approvals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That a patient in a hospital has to agree and allow any form of research medicine to be given to her. Anyone who cannot expressly decline or allow research to be conducted on her should not be subject. In most instances, an individual can only be subjected to the trial if they are 16 years and above. However, some cases need a person to be above 18 or even above 21.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No company can be given patent rights to a cloned human subject, neither the process of altering germ line genetic of a human body nor the use of the human embryo for industrial use. Also, a patent can it be given with regard to the human body in any stage of its formation and development. This is to prevent companies making profits from these researches. There are no agreed sources of embryos except those that are miscarried naturally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Maltalese parliament has also introduced regulations to guide the conduct by which researches are conducted. These regulations are; That the person controlling the information, of the concerned persons involved in the research, shall protect it from being misplaced, destroyed by negligence or from being accessed by an authorized persons. That the person processing the subject, must adhere to the Act of parliament outline the preservation of the said subject’s privacy. That the information about the person who gives, consent must be kept confidential and only accessible by the authorized people,.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That any person can elect to discontinue the program if he or she raises strong ground for his decision. That the information can only be processed if the subject has given express consent or has made the data public. The controller must provide the subject whose data they are processing with the identity of the company, their place of work, the reason as to why the data is being processed, right to rectify, delete the data concerning him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That information involving members of Professional Secrecy Act cannot be disclosed under any circumstances except by the issuance of a court order. Also, the regulations state that the processing of the data must be done properly and according to the law; personal data must be compatible with why it was processed, it must be specific and of the legitimate purpose. The only way the data obtained can only be made available is in case of prosecution or to officers of statistics within and while on duty under the Malta statistical Authority. It’s the only way this information can be related with unidentifiable person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are there any rules of fair research; There are few rules of fair research. The country gives favorable conditions to any firm that wishes to carry out research. It gives them a better environment in which they are able to get results to advance science.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The meaning of Naples not allowing drug tests on its citizen until they are in the second face is to minimize risks. There are a lot of risks involving first phase trails. Some of the drugs have temporally side effects while others have adverse side effects that last. Some of these side results might not show until after the studies have been completed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Naples requires that research be conducted from phase two. This is because most anomalies are detected and dealt with in phase 1. The drug is closer to perfection, and there are not many side effects. Since phase two is designed to gauge how well the drug operates. Phase one involves getting the right dosage to be ingested, the trials subjects are observed around the clock. This phase is the one that has just graduated from animal testing. Subjects are put under much changed environment; they are given small dosage of the compounds that killed animals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Nepalese government seeks to protect its citizen from being exposed to those conditions that subject in phase 1 go through. Phase two gives a safer picture, and since it has been tested on people and worked, they would feel safer to allow the second phase where they can control the proceedings. Although this provision by the government inhibits the rules of fair research. This is because people react differently to medicine and given that people in Naples are somehow different from other people; it would be wise to allow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I used the website to research on Malta. Its constitution, legislation, and the regulations put in place. I found the regulations posted on the website eu.europa.eu posted by Dr. Pierre Mallia, who is the writer of the said article.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The five most important points of the regulations are; That the government, must endeavor to protect its citizen from exploitation from the researchers. This is done by introducing regulations that are geared toward safeguarding the potential subject’s well being. The administration has gone to an immense length to protect the privacy of the potential subjects. The data processors are warned against breaking this law since they would face charges. The only way that the information should be revealed is through a court order. Also, the government goes a step further to protect the patients in the hospital. If a patient is in the hospital but is in a state where he or she cannot give an express consent, then the researcher cannot conduct any form of research on the person. The government has also taken actions to avoid the researchers from taking advantage of the findings and patenting them to gain profits. Also the fact that embryos cannot be commercialized is a strong regulation The government also refuses to let a researcher claim be the owner of a cloned subject speaks volumes about their commitment to the advancement of humanity. Also, it prohibits any recruitment of children to the trial program since they are not old enough to make sound judgment, and this prevents the researchers from taking advantage of their curiosity and naivety.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These regulations are identified as the ones that stand out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Summary of Moral Standards for Research in Developing Countries: From ‘Reasonable availability’ to ‘Fair Benefits,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Hastings Center Report 4, no. 3 (2004): 17-27.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The excerpt talks about how the research being conducted in the developing countries has gathered controversy. They seem to advocate reasonable availability which would prevent the native population from being taken advantage of by the researchers. That the medicine being tested should be made available to the country where it is being tested in after it has been perfected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The excerpt also question who should enforce the reasonable availability treaty. Should it be the government of the host country, should it be the sponsors of the research? It also asks what it means by saying reasonable availability. Whether the drugs should be free, discounted or sold them at the given selling price.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It argues that the target population may not have the political power, financial power to accesses health services hence it is important to have the rule enforced. This would prevent exploitation. It defines exploitation as how much but not what the party is owed. This stresses equality and fairness in how the sponsors share the benefits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The excerpt stresses on the sponsors and government entering into a contractual agreement and deciding on what will be shared, how it will be and the benefits to be awarded to the host country. It gives a scenario of Thailand and a manufacturer of hepatitis vaccine A and B. The excerpts give a great outline on the guidelines that should be followed when sponsors and host country enter into negotiation. It gives a good definition of what Reasonable availability is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Comparisons of question D and E with findings In chapter 1,2 and 3 of Ethical challenges in study design and informed consent for health research in resource-poor settings . There are similarities since both articles calls for the researchers to take care of their subjects. In this excerpt, it is the sponsors that are discussing reasonable availability while, in Regulation of Malta, it is the government stressing on it. There is an independent oversight committee that regulates the way the research is conducted in the same way as the government They both comment on the needed consent of the subject.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A good practice is where the community in the country that the trials take place should be afforded fair benefits. Where all the ratified treaties are observed by the sponsors. Where the population is protected by and from the sponsors. This awards them a good health care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Which has strong regulations that recognizes fair research and observes the international treaties? References Davis, J. R. (1999). Assuring data quality and validity in clinical trials for regulatory decision making workshop report : Roundtable on Research and Development of Drugs, Biologics, and Medical Devices. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Evans, C. H. (2001). Small clinical trials issues and challenges. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Fisher, J. A. (2009). Medical research for hire the political economy of pharmaceutical clinical trials. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. Giraldo, G. (1994). Advanced technologies in research, diagnosis and treatment of AIDS and in oncology: international workshop, Naples, October 21-22, 1993. Basel: Karger. Homepage. (n.d.). – European Commission. Retrieved May 7, 2014, from http://ec.europa.eu/ Setouhy, M., Agbenyega, T., Mfutso-Bengu, J., Molyneux, M., Taylor, T., Diarra, D., et al. (n.d.). jstor. JSTOR. Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3528416 Source document

Purhsing Paper Can Be Fun Essay

Question: What Performance problems is the captain trying to correct. Ans: 1 Poor Reporting Performance among the employees. Question: Use the MARS model of individual behavior and performance to diagnose the possible causes of the unacceptable behavior. Ans: 2 Possible causes for the unacceptable behavior is as follows: MARS Model: There are four main factors that directly influence an employee’s voluntary behavior and resulting performance. Employee Motivation: There was no clear motivation for employees to do their job perfectly as required. Motivation does not mean only financial motivation; people are motivated not only with money but also with an appreciation by the leaders of the company is enough to motivate them and pump in the force required to do the job with intensity. Captain must have set some goals which on achieving, the employees get recognition through an appreciation letter at least from the higher ranked personnel in the organization, keeping in mind that he was under the budget crunch which limited him in motivating employees by rewarding them financially. Ability: Analyzing the employees based on their capabilities was one of the cause. You will find some people whose interest is in doing the office work, captain should have recognize the skills and knowledge and segregate the work within depending on their capabilities. Coaching was also missing by the captain. Role Perceptions: They were aware about the consequences for inadequately doing the reporting as they were having issues when the case reached the court. Captain should have given them priorities from their various responsibilities by explaining them that the what matters is the quality of the work and not quantity. This would have helped them to improve. Situational Factors: As captain explained they set-up the team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the leaders were not committed and none of them were receiving any type of rewards for winning the competition. Leadership is responsible for the well-being of the employee in the company so they need to be committed. Question: Has the captain considered all the possible solutions to the problem? IF not what else might be done? Ans: NO What else can be done is as follows: 1. Task related trainings should be provided to strengthen the capabilities of the employees. 2. Improved Employee Engagement should be done, by recognizing the best employees, rewarding them which will boost their moral and they will feel that they are an integral part of the team. He can set-up a mechanism, like Employee of the Month Award and can display it in the office. 3. Coaching is also an important aspect of the leader, as a leader he should coach his team as and when required.

“Beloved” by Toni Morrison

â€Å"Beloved† by Toni Morrison discusses slavery’s deconstruction of identity as well as explores the emotional, physical and spiritual devastation caused by slavery. Toni Morrison assumes that former slaves are haunted by devastation even in their freedom. Thus he raises important themes, because the question of slavery is still under discussion. Moreover, â€Å"Beloved† is discussed in accordance with supernatural dimension. Therefore, the paper will discuss the negative impact of slavery on sense of self and self-alienation.Further, the paper aims at discussing main themes and motifs involved in â€Å"Beloved† as well as providing thorough examination of Morrison’s ideas and narrative style. The paper will progress through the methods of in-depth analysis and description. The purpose of the paper is to enlarge knowledge and to become more informed about slavery and community solidarity. Annotated Bibliography Badt, Karin. The Roots of the Body i n Toni Morrison: A Mater of â€Å"Ancient Properties†. Journal Title: African American Review, 29, 4 (1995): 567-576.The article discusses the ambivalence about maternal power and the uneasiness of the novel stating that Morrison's novels signify the mother and evoke the desire for her meet with a depressing end. Furthermore, the article defines renovation of the self and the African-American community and says that, according to Morrison, deadly sacrifice is required. The article may be used to examine the catharsis and renewal of former slaves and to provide overview of religious experience of reincarnating. Bennett, Juda. Toni Morrison and the Burden of the Passing Narrative. African American Review, 35, 2 (2001): 205-215.The article is devoted to examination of the passing myth, sometimes in only one or two paragraphs and often with indirection. Also the article emphasizes the contours of black identity throughout the novel and admits that the novel is important for histo ry. Actually, Morrison conveys a rather standard, albeit postmodern, suspicion of truth. Therefore, the article will be used to examine and analyze the identity of black community in the novel and to outline the historical significance of the novel. Drake, Kimberly. Toni Morrison: A Critical Companion. Contributors: Kimberly S. Drake – author. African American Review, 35, 2 (2001): 333-334.The article underlines interest in Morrison’s own texts’ blank spaces, in her usage of imagination and approach to her fiction. The article explains theoretically sophisticated concepts in a responsible and clear manner providing examination of novel in terms of identity development and Christian religious. Furthermore, the article discusses minor plot errors of the novel. Thus the article will be used to critically asses the novel and to analyze the concept of self as well as to discuss the role of the black community in identity development. Jones, Carolyn. â€Å"Sula† and â€Å"Beloved†: Images of Cain in the Novels of Toni Morrison.African American Review, 27, 4 (1993): 615-623. The article provides thorough comparison between Morrison’ â€Å"Sula† and â€Å"Beloved† to find out similarities in author’s style of narration and themes involved. Carolyn states that memory is the main essential category of the author and Morrison wants to â€Å"re-memory† meaning he wants to use moral imagination shape the events of one's life into story. The article will be used to provide in-depth analysis of author’s main themes and style of narration as well as to apply theoretical framework to the concept of identity deconstruction caused by slavery. Okoso, Yoshiko.Elizabeth Ann Beaulieu, Ed. the Toni Morrison Encyclopedia. African American Review, 38, 1 (2004): 168-174. The article examines narrative style of Morrison stating that she prefers to neither explain everything, nor to provide solutions or to resolv e every detail of the plot. Morrison’s works are filled with enigmatic, shifting and vibrant aspects being not merely an accompaniment, but a provider of essential background knowledge. Thus the article will be useful in analyzing the negative impact of slavery on sense of self and self-alienation and in providing in-depth examination of the author’s style and novel’s themes.Parrish, Tony. Imagining Slavery: Toni Morrison and Charles Johnson. Studies in American Fiction, 25, 1 (1997): 81-86. The article compares and contrasts theme of slavery and identity deconstruction in the novels of Morrison and Johnson providing similarities and differences. It is stated that â€Å"Beloved† has similarities with Johnson’s slavery novels, because both authors offer negative meaning of slavery and explore African-American identity. The article will be used to describe how African-American identity is involved in the novel and how it continues to be created nowad ays.Further, the article gives the opportunity to examine Morrison’ philosophy. Rubenstein, Roberta. Singing the Blues: Toni Morrison and Cultural Mourning. Mosaic, 31, 2 (1998): 147-156. The article examines Morrison’s imagery of dismemberment and stating that it is â€Å"trope for the profound damages inflicted on African Americans by the emotional dismemberments of slavery and its aftermath†. Further, the article touches symbolic figures and transfiguration and provides links between emotional/psychological and aesthetic/cultural losses.Therefore, the article will be used to examine novel’s symbolism and aesthetics as well as to define main novel’s motifs. West, Genevieve. Conner, Marc C. , Ed. the Aesthetics of Toni Morrison: Speaking the Unspeakable. Studies in the Novel, 35, 2 (2003): 272-275. The article examines the aesthetics of Morrison. The author provides the idea that Morrison has explicitly worked to distance herself from Western trad itions in favor of situating her writings within an African-American cultural and aesthetic tradition.Therefore, the article will be used to examine the aesthetics of â€Å"Beloved† and to develop two versions of the grotesque: emphasizing play, humor, and renewal; emphasizing alienation, estrangement, and terror. Works Cited Badt, Karin. The Roots of the Body in Toni Morrison: A Mater of â€Å"Ancient Properties†. Journal Title: African American Review, 29, 4 (1995): 567-576. Bennett, Juda. Toni Morrison and the Burden of the Passing Narrative. African American Review, 35, 2 (2001): 205-215. Drake, Kimberly. Toni Morrison: A Critical Companion. Contributors: Kimberly S. Drake – author. African American Review, 35, 2 (2001): 333-334.Jones, Carolyn. â€Å"Sula† and â€Å"Beloved†: Images of Cain in the Novels of Toni Morrison. African American Review, 27, 4 (1993): 615-623. Okoso, Yoshiko. Elizabeth Ann Beaulieu, Ed. the Toni Morrison Encyclopedia. African American Review, 38, 1 (2004): 168-174. Parrish, Tony. Imagining Slavery: Toni Morrison and Charles Johnson. Studies in American Fiction, 25, 1, 81-86. Rubenstein, Roberta. Singing the Blues: Toni Morrison and Cultural Mourning. Mosaic, 31, 2 (1998): 147-156. West, Genevieve. Conner, Marc C. , Ed. the Aesthetics of Toni Morrison: Speaking the Unspeakable. Studies in the Novel, 35, 2 (2003): 272-275.