Health Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care - Research Paper Example Mainly, this assumed racial lines meant to marginalize the nonwhites thus denying some practitioners chance to enjoy the institution’s services if they so wished. Due process in most instances aligns well with the certain judicial decisions contrary to the stare decisis whereby the latter owing to the verdicts arrived at earlier; do not accommodate any alterations (Mitchell, 2011). This is especially in occasions when the court might feel the decisions made did not have viable justifications, hence entail rectifications. Due process’ verdicts draw their conclusion from the judicial considerations though in certain circumstances may prompt judges to incline to its demands. i. The Social Security Act (1965)’s legislation led to the improvement of both the aging and poor people’s healthcare through the provision of insurance (Winston, 1965). This was via the creation of Medicare besides Medicaid, which yielded to the augmenting of former policies effectiveness (Winston, 1965). The ratification of this Act sought to avail affordable healthcare especially to the poor after Truman waged a series of intense debates meant to establish national insurance plan (Loker, 2012). ii. Enactment of Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (1986) that enabled people to receive immediate medical attention without the practitioners considering an individual’s ability to cater for the services (Kochakian, 2012). It also entailed medical centers to handle patients to the extent one on release has recuperated fully, and can make informed decisions (Cassanego, 2010). The government in passing this act aimed at availing healthcare services to the public without first inquiring any pay especially during times of catastrophes (Cassanego, 2010). iii. Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (2003) ratification created subsidized dispensing of drugs especially to the aging (Larsen & Lubkin, 2009). Since,

Homeworkunit 3 Sandwich Blitz Essay Example for Free

Homeworkunit 3 Sandwich Blitz Essay Sandwich Blitz, Inc. opened its doors for business October 15, 2004 and now consists of eight locations. It specializes in organically grown food ingredients, upscale breakfast and healthy beverages. The President and CEO, Dalman Smith and Vice President and CFO, Lei Lee are the sole owners. Dalmon and Lei are wishing to expand the business, but first they need to conduct a SWOT analysis to determine the strengths, weakness, opportunities and possible threats involved in the expansion. Sandwich Blitz, Inc. has several strengths; they have shown a positive track record of ROI of 30% for 2011. They have their own training center and are able to provide specialized training to their managers as well as hourly employees. Additionally, they have been able to obtain small prime pieces of property at low costs to erect their small but suitable prefabricated buildings. Lastly, they have shown that they have been successful in expansion, expanding seven additional locations since 2004. An area of weakness that Dalmon and Lei need to review is the lack of time they currently have to devote to expanding their business. Dalmon is busy dealing with issues at the eight locations and Lei is swamped with financial matter. Dalmon and Lei need to consider hiring a district manager to help oversee the current eight locations. They are also vulnerable to other competitors copying their specialized ingredients due to lacking private label branding and need to take action to rectify that opportunity. Sandwich Blitz has several opportunities. They need to stick to the basics and provide a customer what they expect and that is quality, fresh and healthy products. Customer’s wants to know that they can expect the same product at each Sandwich Blitz location, so consistent food recipes and procedures are vital for all locations to follow. To help increase the customer diversity and base, Sandwich Blitz needs to provide new and innovative products. They also need to get with the times and start utilizing social media to help drive sales. The possibility of new franchise operations with similar products moving into the area is a large threat for Sandwich Blitz. The decrease in sales from two high generating locations can substantially affect revenues. Cannibalizing their current locations is a possible threat if they erect another building too close to an existing Sandwich Blitz. Damon and Lei need to analysis their targeted area to ensure it will not affect their current businesses. They need to review all the SWOT data  before they make any drastic decisions.

Science and nature is a very vital theme in volume I of Frankenstein. :: Free Essay Writer

Science and nature is a very vital theme in volume I of Frankenstein. Mary Shelly incessantly portrays science and nature. Science and nature is a very vital theme in volume I of Frankenstein. Mary Shelly incessantly portrays science and nature. At first Mary shelly illustrate the nature of life as distressing, sorrowful and frail. She does this by demonstrating illnesses, deaths and sorrow of the loved ones leaving and diseases. By doing this Mary shelly is representing life as a pathetic game, which has no other meanings than depression and grief, and how easily it could be vanished. Examples in volume I could be the death of Elizabeth’s parents, the sickness of Elizabeth, the sickness and death of Victor’s mother, murder of William and the beheading of Justine. But Mary shelly also represents nature and life as very pleasant and euphoric. This is done by the illustration of love, kindness and compassion. For example Victor’s mother who was a very kind, generous and a ‘benevolent’ woman, the love of Victor and Elizabeth and most of all the passion for knowledge. All these bases of nature and life contradict with science, since science merely bring about these features. Scientific development is usually from nature, even from destroying nature. On the other hand, nature in some way is protected and developed by science. Nature and science have a life and a death relationship. And so at one point Mary shelly actually depicts the contrast between science and nature. She does this by combining both life and death into a situation where death comes before life, when the monster is produced by parts of fresh dead bodies and brought to life. This totally changes the natural regulation of life. By doing this Mary shelly shows the power of science, but also combines it with nature using Lightning, and so proves that without nature science has no power. Mary Shelley also gives us an idea or a warning towards science and scientific knowledge (the belief of science being superior). As we know that Victor makes an extensive use of science and of his scientific experiments to create his monster, which then haunt him and leads to the killing of Victor’s younger brother William, Science can thus be regarded as the main motor to Victor’s self-destruction. This clearly presents science as evil and an awful thing. Looking at all these aspects of science and nature, I have also become aware of the character (nature) of Victor and his thirst for knowledge. His nature represents possession, anxiety, greed and the desire for supremacy. When Mary shelly represents him in this form,

The Existence of Medieval Gender Archetypes in Present Day Culture Essa

The Existence of Medieval Gender Archetypes in Present Day Culture One of the aspects of the Middle Ages which is explored by numerous scholars today is that of the antifeminist stereotypes which pervaded literature and cultural mores during the period. In an era governed by men, the fact that women were treated as inferior is unsurprising; archetypal visions of femininity fit neatly into medieval history. However, most people would like to believe that such pigeonholing has been left in the past, allowing for more liberated times in which women are portrayed realistically and as the equals of men. It is undeniably true that an equality of the sexes exists today that was not even imagined in the medieval era. However, this rise in respect for women does not guarantee that all of the prejudices and stereotypes from preceding centuries have fallen by the wayside; on the contrary, most of the same archetypes are alive and well, even if modified to suit a new world. From the unattainably perfect virgin to the sexually insatiable temptress, these images appear throughout modern culture-but the disturbing nature of their existence is made far worse by the complacency with which women accept and further them. In many places, control of the image of women has passed into their own hands, yet broad generalizations and negative suggestions continue to fill daily life. Though images of women may cluster in many categories, the basic medieval archetypes are these: foremost is the Courtly Lady, a physically perfect and emotionally restrained creature that any gallant knight would pine for, the subject of innumerable poems. Her supporting cast include the lascivious Wanton Woman, a subhuman creature designed to tempt and torture men... ...owing Up Female With the Mass Media. New York: Times Books, 1995. Farhi, Paul and Megan Rosenfeld. "Made in America." 10 April 2003. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/mia/part1.htm "4 Ways to Punish a Naughty Boy." Cosmopolitan Apr. 2003: 166. Goins, Liesa. "Flirting Moves No Man Can Resist." Cosmopolitan Apr. 2003: 146-48. Keyishian, Amy. "Chick Flick Survival Guide." Maxim Apr. 2003: 78-82. Lewis, Carol. "Botox Cosmetic: A Look at Looking Good." FDA Consumer Magazine. 6 April 2003. http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_botox.html Lont, Cynthia M. Women and Media: Content/ Careers/ Criticism. Scarborough: Nelson Canada, 1995. Rogers, Mary F. Barbie Culture. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 1999. Straus, Alex. "Access Granted." Maxim Apr. 2003: 164-68. Walsh, John. "Top Gear: Bachelor Pad." Maxim Apr. 2003: 194-96.

John Proctor’s Conflict Between Personal Identity and Public Image

Society labels individuals to have certain morals, values, and ideas that most often are contradicted by what the individual's own self-image. In Arthur Miller's novel The Crucible the hero , John Proctor, is challenged by his desire to maintain his high social standing in the community even though he believes himself to be majorly flawed. John Proctor lives within a rigid, theocratic Puritan society which condemns miscreants. His essential conflict was the difference between the images of his own personal identity and that which society produced.John Proctor thought himself to be a fraud and therefore, believed he should not be held in such high social regard. The community looked up to him as an honest, good, hard-working man, â€Å"†¦ in Proctor's presence a fool felt his foolishness instantly†(Miller20). Unfortunately , Proctor's innate impulses caused he much internal turmoil, â€Å"†¦ he is a sinner, a sinner not only against the moral fashion of the time, but against his own vision of decent conduct† (Miller20). His extramarital affair with Abigail Williams, a seventeen year old ex-servant, defiled his own moral code.It besmirched him in the eyes of God, his wife Elizabeth, and himself. Proctor lacks the capacity to forgive his transgressions because he cannot seem to wash away his sins. Even though most of the people around him see him in a positive light, he feels a strong sense of guilt, ( Elizabeth to Proctor) â€Å"I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you. I never thought you but a good man, John Proctor†(Miller 55). Because of Proctor's guilt over the sordid relationship between him and Abigail he deems his public image to a be facade.Living under this pretense causes him much anguish though out the book. Proctor is reluctant to give up his public veneration and confess to his sins. Proctor knows that he is a charlatan but does not want to cheapen his identity. His greatest possession is t he respect and integrity associated with his good name. In the court room Proctor explains why he did not confess earlier that Abigail was a harlot † Oh Francis, I wish you had some evil in you that you might know me! To Danforth: A man will not cast away his good name. You surely know that†(Miller110).Proctor dreads revealing his sin because the guilt and regret already overwhelms him. He believes that a public display of his wrongdoings will only intensify the extent of his sin, magnifying his guilt. In such a small community, if he were to proclaim his indecency, then it would perpetually disgrace his entire family. The guilt that would result from damming his family and himself would be immense. Instead of letting the town know that the girls' allegations are false, Proctor tries to down play the extent of the hysteria so that he may feel more at ease.Proctor's response to Elizabeth when she informs him about the court and possible hangings is â€Å"†¦ scoffing , but not without conviction: Ah, they'd never hang-† (Miller52). Proctor envisions of every possible way he can think of to save his wife without condemning himself in the process but eventually realizes that the only way she will survive is by killing his image. Proctor eventually understands that personal identity is more important than a public image. Not until the very end of the story does Proctor's conflict between his personal identity and public image becomes resolved.John sees less significance in his public image and becomes more concerned about his personal identity. Even though John has admitted to lechery, the public still holds him with a sense of elevated admiration. A preponderance of the people did not want to see Proctor hang; even people who strongly disliked him like Reverend Paris. If Proctor signs a written confession stating he is a witch, then he would set free and able to live out the rest of his life in comfort with his family. A stipulation in signi ng the contract is that it will be posted in the town for all to see.Proctor is unable to allow that to happen because it destroys any dignity left he has. The rest of his life would be based off deception and sin. Proctor: â€Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave my name! â€Å"(Miller143) Proctor was willing to spoil is public standing with the comprise that he may live among his family .But, he found himself unwillingly to sign over his personal identity to a lie. Because of this resistance, Proctor was hanged for a crime that he did not commit. Though he was wrongfully executed , Proctor died while maintaining a sense of integrity and morality. Hale- â€Å"Woman, plead with him! Woman! It is pride, it is vanity. Be his helper! -What profit him to bleed? Shall the dust praise him? Sha ll the worms declare his truth? Go to him, take his shame away! † Elizabeth-â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! (Miller 145) Proctor finally was able to wipe away his facade that societal pressures placed upon him. He expelled his guilt and sin and was ultimately able to gain back his virtue. John Proctor's most demanding struggle was between who he believed himself to be and what society believed him to be. His sins caused tension surrounding his outward appearance and his inward self. Miller's book helps to illustrate how one overcomes the battle of such contention. Every human being has his or her own defects, but to develop into better people, we must learn to conquer these shortcomings.

Heinz Goes On A Diet Case Example

Heinz Goes On A Diet Case Example Heinz Goes On A Diet Case – Case Study Example Heinz Goes on Diet Case The challenges Heinz faced, in meeting the capa needs, come because of the lack of parenting opportunities. He ought to focus on analyzing opportunities and estimating their significance. For example, a parent who is not an expert in manufacturing might not know that a business lacked excellent manufacturing skills. A parent without detailed knowledge of a business market may not be aware of the opportunity to combine sales forces. Therefore, choices must be evaluated in both strategic and economical terms and the strategic choice must be coherent with the overall strategy of the firm. The operational management options that Heinz has to put in place are aligning fresh food chains to the needs of the consumer, and develop a system that is responsive to changing consumer needs (Stevenson, 2012). In his case, both demand and supply are volatile. The perishable nature of products places a number of constraints in dealing with suboptimal demand and supply informa tion. The whole crop of carcasses are to be marketed. Developing creative solutions to the bundle of these three challenges create strategic options and new business opportunities for fresh food retailers and suppliers (Stevenson, 2012).The facility’s location, which addresses issues like the main operation’s location takes a major influence in this scenario. Once such decisions are taken, the organization has to live long with prospects and problems regarding the raw materials, supplies, labor, markets and all other resources (Stevenson, 2012). Additionally, marketing strategy, which includes customer profile products, services, markets volumes, and price structures should be taken into consideration. Choice of the region and the site is also an important factor to consider. This is because it affects transportation cost and long distance considering the nature of goods.ReferenceTop of FormStevenson, W. J. (2012).  Operations management: Theory and practice. New Yor k, N.Y: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Bottom of Form1.

Research Needed for Alzheimers Disease essays

Research Needed for Alzheimer's Disease essays Alzheimer's Disorder (AD) is a progressive brain disease which primarily affects older people. The parts of the brain that control memory, language, and even thought gradually decline (ADEAR, date). While AD develops most commonly after the age of sixty, there is a rarer form that can develop at a younger age. Experts estimate that between the ages of 65 and 75, 5% of the population may have AD. By age 85, however, nearly half may have AD (ADEAR, date). In spite of how common the disease is among people who have lived a very long time, AD is not considered a normal consequence of age but a disease process to which one becomes more While scientists are just beginning to untangle the mystery of exactly what causes AD, some facts have been established. The disease was first noticed by a German doctor, Alois Alzheimer. Although doctors had noted dementia in elderly people, Dr. Alzheimer examined the brain of a woman who had died of an unusual mental illness. In the brain he found clumps of matter that should have not been there (called amyloid plaques). He also found tangled figers, now called neurofrbrillary fibers (ADEAR, date). The presence of these formations are definitive signs of Alzheimer's, but since currently they can only be detected after death, their presence is not Since Dr. Alzheimer's first discovery, researchers have noted other brain changes in those with AD. Nerve cells that support memory and cognition die off, and the brains show diminished quantities of the neurotransmitters that allow neurons to communicate with each other (ADEAR, date). Researchers assume that the combination of diminished neurotransmitters and loss of nerve cells contribute to the disruption of thought processes in the patient with AD. The role of neurofrbrillary fiber bundles and the presence of amyloid plaque is less clear. The effects of Alzheimer's Disease on society ...

Osiris and Iris Creation Myth Essays

Osiris and Iris Creation Myth Essays Osiris and Iris Creation Myth Essay Osiris and Iris Creation Myth Essay GiGi Orphali 9-17-12 p. 7 Osiris and Isis Creation Myth Mythology opens up a hidden gate of information about the lives of ancient peoples. Through it, modern people have insight to the beliefs and culture of a civilization long since passed. No better example of this exists than the Egyptian tale of Osiris and Isis. According to this tale, when the world first started it was ruled by the benign god Osiris and his equally generous wife, the goddess Isis. Together they ruled the earth and through this time it was a utopia. Crops prospered, people spoke to each other in poetry, and there were no wars. It remained this way until Osiris was trapped by his wicked brother Seth, who then took full control of the world, exposing humanity to its first taste of heartache. Osiris was eventually freed and Seth dethroned, but when it came time to destroy Seth Isis didn’t have the heart. She let him live, and though he still exists he is now a lowly god with less power. This explains the Egyptian belief of why there has to be good and evil in the world. It also explains that since Seth has less power than Osiris, good will always trump evil. The Egyptians were so rare in their day because of their positive outlook on death. While other civilizations around them looked on to death in a craven manner, Egyptians embraced the beauty of the afterlife and the riches to come. All this stemmed from the belief that Osiris, an oh-so-benevolent god, would make their afterlife paradise, as he had once done here on earth. Because the afterlife is ruled by a kind god, it also explains the way to get there. Egyptians believe that through morality and kindness, they will forever be joined with their princely god in paradise. Egyptian culture stressed love and loyalty between husband and wife and that is clearly expressed throughout this myth. The story of Osiris and Isis is punctuated with Isis’s undying devotion to her husband and her willingness to go above and beyond to find him. Though Osiris is lost for many years on more than one occasion, Isis never stops searching for him. Even when he is sent to the afterlife, she follows. Readers can assume from the numerous examples of Isis’s loyalty that this was an important value to the ancient Egyptians. Through Isis modern people can see what the ideal Egyptian wife must have been. Osiris and Isis is a myth that has carried on through the ages, portraying an excellent well of information on what Egyptian culture was. Modern readers can see what the ideals and beliefs of a place (beliefs that are still followed today) which give a better understanding than any history book can. Ancient Egyptians held in high esteem what their gods taught and were quick to follow their example. Their conclusions on the afterlife, polytheistic pantheon and good vs. evil are all expressed in this myth. This myth offers us a glimpse into a long ago world, and is perhaps, along with the pyramids and ancient temples, one of the greatest gifts the ancient Egyptians have given modern society.

Innovation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Innovation Management - Essay Example Emphasising this particular concern, the aim of this paper is to explore the strategies adopted by Apple, to counter the competitive influences caused by the innovative strategies taken by Samsung and Google as the major competitors in the industry. Accordingly, due significance will be delivered to the various types of innovative strategies, such as offensive, defensive, imitative, dependent and traditional & opportunist tactics as used or can be used by Apple to overcome the competition challenges. Conclusively, the discussion of the paper will be intended towards developing a 5 years strategic planning, reflecting upon the presently applied strategies, future possible strategies and imbibing new technologies in its currently ongoing practices. Setbacks of Apple in Comparison to the Innovative Strategies Adopted by Samsung and Google Samsung and Goggle are two of the leading brands in the information technology market currently. These organisations can be observed to have taken con siderable plunge towards the application of innovative strategies in order to gain a leadership positioning in the industry context and beat Apple as a competitor in the same. They have not only flooded the market with new innovative and attractive products, but have also been highly focused on understanding customer demand and responding to their changing buying behaviour with efficiency (AFP, 2013). As a consequence, Google was able to obtain a considerable influence on the competitive forces in the oligopolistic market structure of the industry. Similarly, Samsung also believes in rapid innovation concerning the pace of technology advancement in the current phenomenon where the lifecycle of the products are much shortened owing to the imitative strategies practiced by the competitive brands. Samsung appeals to a larger market by providing the customers with a variety of Information Technology (IT) gadgets such as smartphones, tablets, and breathalysers. Assessing the past perform ance of the company, it can be affirmed that Samsung has been doing well in the low-end market and has recently began to expand its presence in the high-end market, giving a tough competition to the already existing brands including Google and Apple. Illustrative, its market share increased to 36% in Q2 of 2011 from about 18% in the same quarter of 2010. While Google has been able to obtain market success based on its product versatility, even though its serves with a limited number of products as compared to Apple and Samsung, Samsung’s success has been mostly driven by its innovative strategies to keep expanding its product line, improving on the basis of differentiation prospects. Replicating the oligopolistic structure of the industry, Samsung also attempts to work in collaboration with other IT companies, including Google to practice innovative strategies and gain competitiveness in the market. For instance, Samsung is renowned as the largest adopter of Google Android so ftware and also a leading supply chain partner of Microsoft Incorporation whereby its major proportion of

Fair trade has more benefits for suppliers than free trade. To what Essay

Fair trade has more benefits for suppliers than free trade. To what extent do you agree with this statement - Essay Example The supporters of fair trade are of the opinion that the various problems related to the imbalances in the society and the environmental problems arise as a result of free market trade. This essay tries to analyse the phenomenon of fair trade from the point of view of the suppliers. The various economic theories have been explored in this context. Before proceeding with any elaboration of the various nuances of fair trade, it is essential o define the various aspects of fair trade. Fair trade is a movement which is aimed at promoting the labour standards as well as the environmental standards. It also includes setting a definite standard for the policy objectives which are aimed at the improvement of the societal welfare. Fair Trade is to be distinguished from free trade since free trade is that which depends on the market forces of demand and supply solely and would mean the removal of the different types of qualitative and quantitative barriers like tariffs and quotas. On the other hand Fair Trade would involve the promotion of the trade in the developing economies or the sectors which otherwise may not be able to compete with the international competitors. Exports being the focus of it from developing to developed countries. FINE proposed the most crafted definition of free trade in the year 2001. The fair Trade labelled p roducts must be in line with the standards practised by the Fair Trade Organizations. The FLO or the Fair Trade labelling Organizations International is the responsible authority for regulating the certification standards as well as labelling of the products and stipulate the minimum criteria for each product to be labelled and sold as fair Trade (Mohan, 2010, pp. 17-24). A number of criteria are present that distinguish the fair trade products from that of the other products in the market. First of all the producers are paid a minimum price by the traders. This ensures

World War I and World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World War I and World War II - Essay Example The World War I and the World War II led to massive causalities, bloodshed and destruction in almost all the theatres in which they were fought. The number of people killed and wounded in these two wars amounted to millions. It also needs to be mentioned that in the two Wars the people who suffered were not merely soldiers but also included civilians, old people, women and children. The intensity of these two wars was so immense and grave that they did not try to differentiate between the soldiers and the civilians. The outcomes wrought by these two wars had global geo-political and economic ramifications. A great numbers of the European empires were dismantled, either owing to defeat or owing to the immense human and economic costs inherent in these two wars. New centers of power were established and the two wars led to the constitution of multiple international military and economic alliances and institutions. In that context it will be really interesting to go into the dynamics of the two World Wars. The World War I owes its origins to the long standing conflicts and hostilities rampant in the Central Europe in the period around 1914 (Higham & Showaltr 6). Most of these conflicts were intricately intertwined, spanning across many European nations. The political factors that played a pivotal role in the genesis of World War I were rampant militarism, burgeoning nationalism, alliances of convenience and vested imperialistic interests. The primary stimulant that initiated the World War I was the July Crisis of 1914, preceding a series of diplomatic clashes between multiple European nations like France, Russia, Germany, the Austria-Hungarian Empire and the UK (Higham & Showaltr 6). One other important factor was the augmenting tensions over the territorial claims in the Balkans (Higham & Showaltr 9). There existed a great rift between Russia, Serbia and Austria-Hungary, over territorial influence that eventually roped in the other major European powers as a resu lt of the ensuing alliances and treaties. The reasons behind the World War II were inherent in the outcomes of the World War I and the following interwar period worsened by the impact of the Great Depression in 1930. The two major factors which led to the onset of the II World War were the invasion of Poland by the Soviet Union and Germany and the invasion of China by the imperialist Japan in 1937 (Eubank 20). Primarily it was the belligerent actions of the Nazi Germany and the top leadership of the Japanese Kwantung army that led to the formal declaration of War by the allied forces. The World War I brought in massive changes in the European geo-political mindset. It goes without saying that the World War I led to immense loses in terms of life and property. It pulled within its ambit almost all of the European nations, the United States of America and many of the African and Asian states. Shattering famine and pestilence took over the world in the aftermath of the World War one. T he entire Europe got divided between varied powers as a consequence of the treaties that followed. Germany had to surrender large territories to the European power like France, Belgium, Denmark and Poland as per the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles (Von Strandman & Evans 95). The Treaty of St. Germain in 1919 led to the separation of Austria and Hungary and saw the creation of two new states that are Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia (Von Strandman & Evans 95). The World War I not only saw the annihilation of German, Russian, Turkish, Hungarian and Austrian empires, but also led to the creation of many new nationalistic states. In the same vein, the World War II not only

GOOGLE - Research the company's history from inception to the present Paper

GOOGLE - the company's history from inception to the present. Write a detailing the company's history. In par - Research Paper Example That was when Google was born. Several days of brainstorming resulted in a name called ‘Google’ which is still used today. In august 1997, a $100,000 check was signed by co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim for Google Inc. which didn’t have any existence yet. Google’s first work place was established in Susan Wojcicki garage in the following September. On September 4, Google filed for incorporation and after that, Sergey and Larry opened a bank account in Google’s name and deposited the check signed by Andy (Brin, Sergey, and Larry Page). In December 1998, Google was reported as a search engine for Top 100 Web Sites for 1998. In 1999, the garage office was abandoned by Page and Sergey to move to 165 University Avenue located in Palo Alto with a team of eight employees. The first non-engineer, Omid Kordestani joined in May 1999 as a salesperson. In August 1999, Google Inc. moved to its first Mountain View area at 2400 E. Bayshore. It was few miles from Stanfo rd University which is north of Silicon Valley, Santa Clara, Sunnyvale, and San Jose (Battelle, John; pgs 130-140). In 1999, Google realized that its search engine can exist on its own, and emphasize on something that most competitors were reducing focus on – a total emphasis on search and no cluttered homepage. The logo was a bit ugly at that time but this problem was solved in 2000. Â  On April 1, 2000 Google came up with Mental Plex which introduced the capability of Google to read a person’s mind as he or she visualizes the search results he or she wants. In May 2000, first ten languages of Google.com were released. First Webby Award was given to Google as Technical Achievement (Vise, David A, and Mark Malseed; pages 30-40). June 2000 marked Google’s partnership with Yahoo to become Yahoo’s default search engine. The first billion URL index was also announced in this month and Google became world’s biggest search provider. Google survived the contagious Y2K bug in 2000 and was named the ‘Best Search Engine’ by Internet Life Yahoo. In September, 2000 Google Inc began to offer other languages such as Korean, Japanese, and Chinese; thus bringing the total count of languages that Google offers to fifteen. The AdWords was launched with three hundred and fifty customers in October. This self-service advertisement program gives online activation with credit card, performance feedback and keyword targeting. Google Toolbar was released in December 2000 which makes it easier to search without actually visiting homepage of Google.com (Vise, David A, and Mark Malseed; pages 30-40). In 2001, Google Inc. came up with new services such as Google Web Directory, Google Groups, etc. 2001 can be considered the year where everyone in the world knew Google; however its growth has been rapid since its growth. Google began to show how many pages you have searched above the search box (this feature did not survive though). In Febru ary 2001, first public acquisition of Google was taken by Deja.com which is an archive of 500 million user net discussion. Google was now offered in twenty six different languages and image search was launched giving an access to about two hundred and fifty million pictures. First international office was opened in Tokyo (Vise, David A, and Mark Malseed; pages 100-120). In August 2001, Eric Schmidt became the Chief

Carry out a critical and comparative analysis of early chidhood Essay

Carry out a critical and comparative analysis of early chidhood education and care in the united kingdom and Denmark or Sweden - Essay Example Different areas of early education will be critically analyzed, and a concluding solution will also be given. Statements supporting different early education systems will also be provided along with its limitations. Differences in curriculum, welfare, readiness for school, learning for school and construction of early education institutions will be discussed. How childhood is constructed in both these areas will be the main discussion, in which different arguments will be supported or refuted using various sources. When two years of age, a child starts developing attachment with parents or guardian. Therefore, early childhood care and education carries great importance. At the same time, the child starts learning after he is seven months of age. Thus, providing children with right blend of education and care in early ages can help mould them in well educated and nurtured individuals. UK and Sweden, both countries provide pre-school nursing and education. However, differences lie in other factors such as curriculum, structure, welfare, family care and society. Comparative analysis is made of both the countries based on various articles by BBC, national and UNESCO reports, national surveys, journals and views/comments and articles of residents of UK and Sweden. Reports and surveys by authorized and trusted sources are used as they are authentic. While articles of residents and their views are considered as they provide first hand knowledge. Where national reports have a tendency to be biased, articles by individuals are expected to show a more realistic picture. While carrying out Comparative analysis, difficulties are involved, such as authenticity, relevance and contradictions among different sources. Some case studies used are quite old and there relevance maybe questioned, however, they are used in order to support other arguments. Childcare in Sweden makes up the children belonging to the

GOOGLE - Research the company's history from inception to the present Paper

GOOGLE - the company's history from inception to the present. Write a detailing the company's history. In par - Research Paper Example That was when Google was born. Several days of brainstorming resulted in a name called ‘Google’ which is still used today. In august 1997, a $100,000 check was signed by co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim for Google Inc. which didn’t have any existence yet. Google’s first work place was established in Susan Wojcicki garage in the following September. On September 4, Google filed for incorporation and after that, Sergey and Larry opened a bank account in Google’s name and deposited the check signed by Andy (Brin, Sergey, and Larry Page). In December 1998, Google was reported as a search engine for Top 100 Web Sites for 1998. In 1999, the garage office was abandoned by Page and Sergey to move to 165 University Avenue located in Palo Alto with a team of eight employees. The first non-engineer, Omid Kordestani joined in May 1999 as a salesperson. In August 1999, Google Inc. moved to its first Mountain View area at 2400 E. Bayshore. It was few miles from Stanfo rd University which is north of Silicon Valley, Santa Clara, Sunnyvale, and San Jose (Battelle, John; pgs 130-140). In 1999, Google realized that its search engine can exist on its own, and emphasize on something that most competitors were reducing focus on – a total emphasis on search and no cluttered homepage. The logo was a bit ugly at that time but this problem was solved in 2000. Â  On April 1, 2000 Google came up with Mental Plex which introduced the capability of Google to read a person’s mind as he or she visualizes the search results he or she wants. In May 2000, first ten languages of Google.com were released. First Webby Award was given to Google as Technical Achievement (Vise, David A, and Mark Malseed; pages 30-40). June 2000 marked Google’s partnership with Yahoo to become Yahoo’s default search engine. The first billion URL index was also announced in this month and Google became world’s biggest search provider. Google survived the contagious Y2K bug in 2000 and was named the ‘Best Search Engine’ by Internet Life Yahoo. In September, 2000 Google Inc began to offer other languages such as Korean, Japanese, and Chinese; thus bringing the total count of languages that Google offers to fifteen. The AdWords was launched with three hundred and fifty customers in October. This self-service advertisement program gives online activation with credit card, performance feedback and keyword targeting. Google Toolbar was released in December 2000 which makes it easier to search without actually visiting homepage of Google.com (Vise, David A, and Mark Malseed; pages 30-40). In 2001, Google Inc. came up with new services such as Google Web Directory, Google Groups, etc. 2001 can be considered the year where everyone in the world knew Google; however its growth has been rapid since its growth. Google began to show how many pages you have searched above the search box (this feature did not survive though). In Febru ary 2001, first public acquisition of Google was taken by Deja.com which is an archive of 500 million user net discussion. Google was now offered in twenty six different languages and image search was launched giving an access to about two hundred and fifty million pictures. First international office was opened in Tokyo (Vise, David A, and Mark Malseed; pages 100-120). In August 2001, Eric Schmidt became the Chief

Explains the political changes the United States underwent in the Essay

Explains the political changes the United States underwent in the 2008-2011 period in regards to political philosophy - Essay Example This revealed that racism did not guide the elections, as people wanted change in governance. Citizens of the United States expressed dissatisfaction with the republican governance, following George W. Bush’s two terms in office. There have also been changes in the voting structure, with many young people and minority groups participating in the polls. As a result, the political philosophy in the United States from 2008 seems more different than any other period in the history of the United States. Preference for young contestants increased; as such older candidates faced enormous challenges and opposition from younger ones. John McCain could not have defeated the democrat candidate because most Americans did not prefer people of his age (Lasser, 2011). In addition, dissatisfaction with the administration of George Bush made the electorate opt for a difference. An increased number of casualties in Afghanistan and Iraq war changed the mood of American electorate, following deaths of many American soldiers while fighting terrorists. During the Bush administration, economy of the United States had started to experience reduced growth. The banking industry and the stock market performed poorly in the start of 2008. Therefore, the political preference shifted to a Democratic candidate rather than a Republican (Katzman, 2011). During his presidential term, Barrack Obama has publicly declared his stand on various issues regarding American politics. Several legislative measures have been undertaken between 2008 and 2011. Politics have mainly been centered on revival of the United States economy; and provision of heath care that all Americans can access and manage to pay for. Obama administration has also strengthened social security and system of education in America. Political ideals have also been centered on withdrawing American troops in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as stopping

Guillermos Furniture Store Scenario Essay Example for Free

Guillermos Furniture Store Scenario Essay Financial principles, financial markets, and business ethics construct a major infrastructure for financial decisions that all managers or supervisors must make on a constant basis. The purpose of this paper is to explain the financial concepts found in this week’s readings and how these concepts relate to the Guillermo’s Furniture Store Scenario. According to the text reading, â€Å"the principles of finance, described in this section and the two that follow, are based on logical deduction and on empirical observation† (Chapter 2, p. 20). Until the late 1990s, Guillermo’s Furniture Store retained its competitive advantage in the furniture market. The arrival of a new overseas competitor entering the furniture market, decreased furniture prices, and increased labor costs posed as a new challenge for the organization (University of Phoenix, 2009). For several years, Guillermo’s Furniture Store dominated the furniture manufacturing market with the ideal supply of timber to create a variation of types of furniture. As a result, the owner did not know how to forecast the new challenges that faced the company. As the new competition starts to enter the furniture market, these competitors have developed an advanced technology that produces a more customized product to meet consumer demand. With labor costs rising, Guillermo did not realize these changes and how this would affect his current business. Guillermo’s Furniture Store will need to consider the principle of self-interested behavior to help minimize the risks associated with the changes in the furniture business to meet customer expectations. The concept of the principle of self-interested behavior basically implies that with a level playing field in the furniture business meaning all aspects of the business equals one another, then Guillermo will need to act or perform in the best financial interest of his own company. One option for Guillermo’s Furniture Store would be to purchase a high-tech laser lather operating equipment for manufacturing the product. This would be an example of the principle of self-interested behavior as it is an important corollary of this principle (Emery, Finnerty, Stowe, 2007). This action will create a more desirable competing action for the benefit of his organization. Guillermo could also consider becoming a furniture manufacturer for a Norway company by facilitating all distributing pathways and this behavior is an example of the principle of valuable ideas. Emery, Finnerty Stowe state, â€Å"new products or services can create value, so if you have a new idea, you might then transform it into extraordinary positive value for yourself† (Chapter 2, p. 24). This type of behavior is clear if the owner decides to patent the current process for coating the furniture as it creates new ideas. Guillermo will need to consider ways to create value by developing exceptional customer service with the creation of better products and services at the lowest possible price without sacrificing the quality of the product or service. The competition is fierce overseas as a direct result of inexpensive parts and labor. The furniture store will have to create the lowest and best quality product to meet consumer demands. Guillermo will need to meet the competition with its market presence by focusing on remaining competitive with the patent process. In order to make a strategic decision on which process will be best for the furniture store, Guillermo will need to take a closer look at the financial statements to make the financial decision. Strategic analysis of financial transaction is one of the most vital facets of an organization with regard to important business decisions. This type of analysis assists any business owner or manager in deciding which type of alternative or plan would be most beneficial to the company. These decisions should also consider the impact on the market and the competition as well as the organization. Guillermo will need to discover the financial impact of either choice mentioned above to make the best decision. Reference Emery, D. R., Finnerty, J. D., Stowe, J. D. (2007). Corporate Financial Management (3rd ed). Chapter 2: The Financial Environment: Concepts and Principles. Prentice Hall, Inc: A Pearson Education Company. University of Phoenix. Guillermo’s Furniture Store Data. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Corporate Finance-FIN571 website. University of Phoenix (2012). Guillermo’s Furniture Store Scenario. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, Corporate Finance-FIN571 website

Study Of Sound In Citizen Kane Film Studies Essay

Study Of Sound In Citizen Kane Film Studies Essay Shooting a film is one of the technological ways of storytelling; in terms of oral story, it is essential to have understandable conversations and powerful sound effects to attract the viewers attention. If we take the human body as a basis, then, literally speaking, to show means to make visible to the eye and to tell means to convey by words (Jackson, 2009). Orson Welless Citizen Kane (1941) is probably the most famous masterpiece in film world with its amazing photography, acting, editing, writing, and sound. After watching the film, one can be impressed by any of these features, however, to me, the sound was the most effective feature because I can still hear the voice of Susan Alexander calling Kane Charlie, Charlie. Therefore, in this paper, I will attempt to analyze, explain, and criticize the sound and its effects in Citizen Kane film; moreover, how sound designed to create an illusion, to add power, and to convey the viewer about actors emotional situation in the scenes. The Citizen Kane film is a biopic of William Randolph Hearst showing how a millionaire journalist, who was the role model and champion of the underprivileged, becomes also dishonored to desire for power, and wealth. In film, it is expressed that even though his second wife and his best friend describe Kanes character in materialistic terms, Kane only wants love and emotional loyalty, his innocent boyhood as symbolized by Rosebud. However, one can see throughout the movie that no one is able to give his childhood back even himself. Orson Welles is from one of the directors of the gap separating 1920s and 1930s. It is the transition period from silent to the enriched sound film (Gray, 2005). Welles, his cinematographer Gregg Toland, and his composer Bernard Herrmann developed and used so many techniques to show the dramatic actions expanding on multiple planes of vision and sound. According to Orson Welles, the viewer did not follow the use of soundtrack. He thinks that they cannot follow because it is a particular trick to capture them as they watch an orchestra playing magnificent music without showing them musical tricks (Bogdanovich, 1998). Welles and Herrmann created a complex soundtrack which is combination of various dialogues, sometimes spoken simultaneously, or only a music into a comprehensible conversation. Sound is just as innovative as the charming photography in Citizen Kane. Welles started his career in radio; therefore, there cannot be anyone else but only him to describe the importance of the sound in his film. In general, soundtracks significantly precede the visual image to prepare the viewers for what they are about to see (Nelmes, 2003). There are many signs that one can easily notice from just listening the sound in this film. Even though the sound can be sometimes nonsensical and confounding to the viewer, it is to convey the feeling of sound transitions that inextricably bind one sequence to another. In film, the viewer can observe that the sound was used to create an illusion of people who are not actually on screen. For example, the public meeting scene is one of these scenes which is created an illusion. Kane gives a speech as candidate for presidency in a huge and crowded convention center. In reality, there is no huge center or crowded people but the viewers can hear the sounds of clapping just as after the meeting, when Kane goes out, they can also hear the sound of marching band without seeing any of them. Rather than paying extra for expensive special effects of crowded people, or street band, Welles filled the scene paying less with sound effects to create these illusions. Even though most of the dialogue was recorded live, Welles familiarized himself with post-synchronization techniques, which allowed him to create a soundscape by adding elements in post-production (Berthome Thomas, 2008). He sometimes used a single sound to add color to a scene, or he would graft a number of different sounds on to the dialogue or music simply to punctuate a line or fill the pause between two sentences. Throughout the entire film, all the sounds are in perfect harmony. Another original usage of sound was to add power and depth to a scene. This power and depth is most obvious in the scenes of Xanadu palace. When there is a dialogue between Kane and his wife Susan, as if exploded, their voices fill the palace. While the viewer feels the echo of characters voices, actually, there is no echo. However, if the viewer thinks the size of the space in these scenes which are gigantic, there should be echo, but Welles expand the sound to give imaginative and powerful quality. F or instance, when the journalist Thompson speaks to the servant after Kanes death, the viewer can feel the voices as if the characters speak in the grave. Moreover, sound is also used to express the emotional situations of a character in the actions. For example, after Susan Alexander leaves Kane, he destroys her room, and the viewer can see a parrot flapping its wings and screeching as if the voice of screaming Kane with wounded heart. Also, the other example is in during the Kane picnic. When both character are arguing in the tent, Kane suddenly slaps Susan. At the same time, the viewer can hear the screaming voice of a women from background as if substitute of Susans inner voice. It is sometimes possible to hear a whispering soundtrack to explain or to express the emotion or the inner voices of characters. Like, when Susan attempts suicide because of suffering as humiliated opera singer, the viewer can hear a pale soundtrack that indicates the humiliated feelings of Susan Alexander. The music usage and the original sounds make Citizen Kane more realistic. Orson Welles uses a lot of juxtaposed dialogues throughout the film that make it hard to follow and to understand the scenes at the same time. For instance, when everyone in a comical scene talks at once, one can feel the reality of the scene with these close-up sounds. When a scene change from one location or period to other, one can feel a sudden shocking sound transition that makes him or her to follow the scenes easily. For example, in a low angle shot, when Kane is in Susan house at first time, Susan plays piano and sings. Suddenly the mise en scene change and the viewer see Susan sings the same song in the same place but with different clothes. Because the film is black-white, first it is hard to observe these sound montages however, the characters, the sounds, and the changed mise en scene make it easier to follow up the scenes. Sound montage in Citizen Kane emphasizes the abnormal and stressful lives of the characters with realistic soundtracks. In several major scenes, one can hear the musical tunes that enrich both the object or the character and the whole scene. For example, when Rosebud which is the symbol of Charles Fosters missing childhood is screened in the opening scene, different types of musical tunes are played to underscore the different emotions of characters while they talk. The Rosebud object takes place its most melodic form with Kane last dramatic word just before his death. While narrating the shots of the sledge, Kane emphasizes its importance with an emotional soundtrack. Also, the sledges hidden label by snow and the various appearances of snowballs or glass balls linked to the memories of Kanes mother. During these scenes, the viewer can hear the same soundtrack that is like a symbol of Kanes hidden side (Berthome Thomas, 2008). Orson Welles was specifically interested in musical scenes, because he was concern about defining the sequences differently like it has never done before. Therefore, Welles, and Hermann arranged every detailed instruction to show the music arising from the scenes. For example, during the opera scene, the curtain rises and Susan Alexander sings a soprano, the Salammbos Aria, and she continues over the entire action. However, the trick part is at the end that she ends her singing after the curtain falls. Whatever music or sound Welles chose for Citizen Kane, he wanted them to be as visible as original, rare, and identifiable. In conclusion, because the most of the dialogues recorded live, one can notice how the composer Herrmann did a magnificent work in Citizen Kane. After editing and shortening the scenes, they require revision of music or voices to be harmonized with the actions. Because almost every cues were edited, and some scenes were cut to their basic form, Herrmann had to ensure that the music is compatible with the actions and make sense to the viewer. However, I think, the form of telling the story as in the Citizen Kane film is not the desired one which is showing the death of a person at the beginning and setting up the story depend on this. This type of story telling should take place in novels but not in a screened story. Nevertheless, Citizen Kane film proves that in dramatic or mysterious films, one can observe the magnificent mise en scene assisting with rhythmic sound effects or soundtracks.

Genovese and Northup :: American America History

Genovese and Northup Slavery as a global institution tends to have an unreal aura surrounding it. Modern perspectives cannot be empathetic because it is not an institution even partially realized in the last century of American life. This is why even through reading Eugene Genovese's Roll, Jordan, Roll and examining most of the aspects of slave life, slavery still remains a mystery in the personal sense. Solomon Northup's Twelve Years a Slave, in addition to being one of Genovese's own resources, fills this void with its brutally honest personal story of a slave's life. Northup's account enlightens and strengthens Genovese's arguments, specifically those concerning labor, the master-slave relationship, and rebellion, by putting global descriptions in a personal perspective. One of the main advantages of 12 Years a Slave is that Northup is a slave himself, and in that respect does not have to be an apologist for slavery and slaveholders. It is not that Genovese himself is an apologist, but as a modern Caucasian, he must approach the subject of casting any light that might be perceived as positive on slaveholders with trepidation. Although Genovese does his best to present a fair and accurate depiction of slavery, he cannot know the slaves' perceptions of their masters. It is really in this respect that Northup's account is so useful. By portraying slaveholders as people with human faults and sensibilities, he shows how the institution affects everyone involved. Slaveholders can still be good people, and that goodness shines through the peculiar institution. This is a vital piece of the story of slavery that Genovese cannot put in his comprehensive history. Northup's words must be left to stand alone, and draw specifics against a general background. The details of working cotton and sugar cane differ little from Genovese to Northup. Genovese puts the slave gang working grueling hours with specific daily goals, and Northup backs this up with his description. "The hands are required to be in the cotton fields as soon as it is light ... and ... they often times labor till the middle of the night."1 This is a prime example of how Northup is able to lend his personal experience to Genovese's general description of slavery. Northup tells us that even after such long hours, the slaves are still extremely afraid, because the master demands a certain amount of cotton from each slave. Merely meeting that goal is not be enough; if a slave exceeds it, then the expectations for that slave's ability would be raised. Genovese and Northup :: American America History Genovese and Northup Slavery as a global institution tends to have an unreal aura surrounding it. Modern perspectives cannot be empathetic because it is not an institution even partially realized in the last century of American life. This is why even through reading Eugene Genovese's Roll, Jordan, Roll and examining most of the aspects of slave life, slavery still remains a mystery in the personal sense. Solomon Northup's Twelve Years a Slave, in addition to being one of Genovese's own resources, fills this void with its brutally honest personal story of a slave's life. Northup's account enlightens and strengthens Genovese's arguments, specifically those concerning labor, the master-slave relationship, and rebellion, by putting global descriptions in a personal perspective. One of the main advantages of 12 Years a Slave is that Northup is a slave himself, and in that respect does not have to be an apologist for slavery and slaveholders. It is not that Genovese himself is an apologist, but as a modern Caucasian, he must approach the subject of casting any light that might be perceived as positive on slaveholders with trepidation. Although Genovese does his best to present a fair and accurate depiction of slavery, he cannot know the slaves' perceptions of their masters. It is really in this respect that Northup's account is so useful. By portraying slaveholders as people with human faults and sensibilities, he shows how the institution affects everyone involved. Slaveholders can still be good people, and that goodness shines through the peculiar institution. This is a vital piece of the story of slavery that Genovese cannot put in his comprehensive history. Northup's words must be left to stand alone, and draw specifics against a general background. The details of working cotton and sugar cane differ little from Genovese to Northup. Genovese puts the slave gang working grueling hours with specific daily goals, and Northup backs this up with his description. "The hands are required to be in the cotton fields as soon as it is light ... and ... they often times labor till the middle of the night."1 This is a prime example of how Northup is able to lend his personal experience to Genovese's general description of slavery. Northup tells us that even after such long hours, the slaves are still extremely afraid, because the master demands a certain amount of cotton from each slave. Merely meeting that goal is not be enough; if a slave exceeds it, then the expectations for that slave's ability would be raised.

Globalization and the International Monetary Community Essay -- Econom

Executive Summary Our world is steadily shrinking. Technology is building bridges over the barriers of distance, language, and culture. It’s a process called globalization, and it is changing the way we live. Financial institutions haven’t been immune to the effects of this change. In fact, the international nature of financial institutions makes them particularly vulnerable to change. This paper addresses three issues caused by the globalization of the international monetary community. First this paper examines the success of the Euro, and the implications for the formation of a global currency. Then this paper looks at the issue of devaluation, and by comparing successful and unsuccessful devaluations tries to determine what factors make a devaluation work. Finally this paper will look at the trend toward dollarization, and whether or not dollarization is the best solution for struggling economies. This paper contends that the power of globalization is forcing the international monetary community to address these issues. The success of the Euro makes a global currency seem like a logical step in the evolution of currency, even though sentimental attachment to national currency would make a global currency unpopular. Devaluation of national currency is only effective for nation with substantial foreign investment and high technology exports. Dollarization solves many problems for struggling economies in the short term, but at some point these nations should consider joining a Multi-Lateral Monetary Union. These changes and more are reforming the way we think about money. While some of the solutions proposed here will only become feasible years in the future, some of the problems discussed affect us t... ...Peiers, Bettina. â€Å"Dollarization in Developing Countries: Rational Remedy or Domestic Dilemma?†. Contemporary Economic Policy. Jul96, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p30. Meyer, L.H. "The Euro in the International Financial System." Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Vol. 25-27, Issue 2, p58. O'Mara, Richard. â€Å"Argentina's deep, empty pockets†. Christian Science Monitor. 4/2/2002, Vol. 94 Issue 89, p9. â€Å"Ring in the New†. Economist. 1/5/2002 Vol. 362 Issue 8254, p22. Schulmeister, Stephan. â€Å"Globalization Without Global Money: The Double Role of the Dollar as National Currency and World Currency†. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Spring2000, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p365. â€Å"The Myth of Eurocreep†. Economist. 1/5/2002, Vol. 362 Issue 8254, p43. von Furstenberg, George. â€Å"A Case Against U.S. Dollarization.† Challenge. Jul/Aug2000, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p108.

Bretton Woods Essay

Bretton Woods Conference The Background During the World War I and World War II the international monetary system is split into several competing currency blocs, the fierce trade war between the global recession and nation. In the post-World War II, at the end of World War II, the U. S. dollar has enjoyed a unique and powerful position in international trade and also because British and American governments for consideration of national interests, ideas and design of post-war international monetary system, proposed separately by the â€Å"White Plan† and â€Å"the Keynes plan. Huai-held plans† and â€Å"Keynes Plan† with is the establishment of international financial institutions, stabilize the exchange rate, the expansion of international trade, and promoting world economic development for the purpose, but the way they operate. Because the United States boarded the supreme world leader of the capitalist world economic crisis and after World War II, the dollar's international status because of its strength of the international gold reserves to get a solid, the two sides reached in April 1944, reflects the White Plan on the establishment of the GB currency experts of the Fund a joint statement. What is â€Å"Bretton woods conference†? The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, commonly known as the Bretton Woods conference, Bretton woods system or Bretton woods agreements. It was a gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II.The conference was held from 1-22 July 1944, when the agreements were signed to set up the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states in the mid 20th century and also was the first example of a fully negotiated onetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states. As a result of the conference, the Bretton Woods system of exchange rate management was set up, which remained in place until itself collapsed in 1971, when President Richard Nixon severed the link between the dollar and gold. What they agreed: * Formation of the IMF and the IBRD (World Bank) Adjustably secured foreign exchange market rate system: * Exchange rate were fixed, with the provision of changing them if necessary * Currencies were required to be convertible for trade related and other current account transactions * All member countries were required to subscribe to the IMF’s capital * if exchange rate might not be favorable to a country’s balance of payments position, the governments had the power to revise them by up to 10% Who’s involved? Delegation from around the w orldAustralia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  India|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Belgium|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iran|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bolivia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iraq|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brazil|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Liberia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Luxembourg|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chile|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mexico|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Netherlands|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Colombia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Zealand|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Costa Rica|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nicaragua|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cuba|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Norway|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Czechoslovakia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panama|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dominican Republic|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paraguay|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ecuador|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peru|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Egypt|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Philippines|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  El Salvador|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poland|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ethiopia|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Union of South Africa|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  France|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greece|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  United Kingdom|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guatemala|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  United States|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Haiti|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uruguay|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Honduras|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Venezuela|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iceland|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yugoslavia| The United States, having the largest delegation, brought a wide spectrum of economists and politicians to the Bretton Woods Conference. China, represented by the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, played an active role and was granted the fifth largest quota among the original members of the IMF.Cuba, governed by Ramon Raul San Martin, sent a delegation that represented the interests of small agr icultural economies. Delegates from many Latin American nations were deeply involved in the negotiations. The democratic process at Bretton Woods ensured that concerns of all countries were addressed. Though the delegation from the Soviet Union was active at the Conference and signed the draft Articles, the Soviet government later decided not to join the Fund or the Bank. The cooperation of the U. S. and USSR delegations was a positive moment before the onset of the Cold War. In 1944, the Indian delegation to Bretton Woods included both British citizens as well as Indian nationals, as India was still part of the British Empire.Alexander Argyropulos (at right in photo), a member of the Greek delegation, arrived in New York on June 21. Argyropulos had been a prisoner of war for a year. His arrival in the United States culminated in the reunion with his wife and daughter, who had escaped Greece when Axis forces invaded. Camille Gutt one of the Belgian delegation. Once the Fund was esta blished, Gutt was elected as its first Managing Director, a post he held until 1951. Outcomes: The Conference led to the creation of three organizations in order to lead the world economy in the right direction. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) and the World Bank.The IMF was intended for keeping track of the monetary policy, to balance the exchange rates, reduce restrictions on the foreign exchange rate, and provide loans to invest in the infrastructure of developing countries and countries that had debts. The number of votes a country for the IMF board depends on its contribution factor towards the reserve. The U. S, U. K, Japan, Germany have 40% of the votes. Out of that percentage, the U. S has 17% of the votes, making them the majority power in the IMF. The GATT encouraged â€Å"laissez-faire system†, to make trade without government intervention, to reduce taxes when two countries are trading with each other and make it fair. It is known now as the World Trade Organization.The World Bank main idea and purpose was to help third world countries and reduce poverty, and to corporations who want to aid the developing countries. The World Bank would offer loans to rebuild roads and utilities. These were the organizations that emerged from the Bretton Woods Agreement. Another outcome for the United States was the Dollar being a â€Å"World Reserve Currency† and that all trade and business will be done in American dollars. Even trade between two different nations that do not use the American dollar as their currency; will do business with each other using the dollar. For example the price of oil from Saudi Arabia will not be in Saudi Rials, but in American dollars. Then those dollars would be redeemable through gold from the U.S at a fixed price of 35$ per ounce. All the countries that signed the Bretton Woods Agreement agreed to fix their currency with the same value as the value of gold. The s upply of money a country had went hand in hand with its gold reserves. The countries that were not rich in gold, would have to borrow money in order to finance their investments and development. The system performed trade through stable and adjustable exchange rates. However there was an increase in demand for dollars which lead to an increase in trade deficits, and the value of the dollar remained high. The United states couldn’t fix the exchange rate between itself and other urrencies. It became known as the â€Å"n’th currency problem†. All the countries currencies were at par with the US dollar. The United States worth of gold was $26 billion by 1964. The world’s worth of gold was $33 billion. Many countries held the U. S dollar as their main reserve asset. Because of that, the French President, De Gaulle said the U. S had a privilege of unlimited financing, because of the majority of countries having dollar assets. The U. S was unable to eliminate it s deficits. The ways in which the balance payment deficits could be corrected include deflating the economy by using a monetary policy, which means raising interest rates.Another policy to use is the Fiscal Policy that includes reducing government spending in order to reduce demand. The U. S could have also devalued its currency, which meant foreign currency prices are higher. This would reduce exports from foreign currencies, and more exports from the U. S. The Bretton Woods system was successful until 1971, August 15th. A few measures were taken to avoid the system going to fail. They included imposing an â€Å"interest equalization tax† to reduce the outflow of investments and private capital. However this lead to more loans from foreign borrowers. A lot of the funds went to financial institutions in places lke Europe and Japan. The United States President Nixon said the amount of gold that was sent out of the U.S for the 27 years since the agreement was unsustainable. He announced a 90-day freeze on wages and prices, a 10% import surcharge on imports and suspended converting dollars into gold. The value of gold had increased, yet the price of $35 per ounce remained. Even though many countries still owed money to the U. S and were in debt. References: http://weber. ucsd. edu/~jlbroz/Courses/Lund/handouts/Lecture12%20_Bretton_%20Woods. pdf http://id. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sistem_Bretton_Woods http://www2. econ. iastate. edu/classes/econ355/choi/bre. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gold_standard

What Is Commercial Organization?

Any type of organization who did business or commercial activity, like production and trading the goods or services. We can also name it as business organization, business enterprise or business firm as well.Difficulties Faced by Women Workers (Sapphire Textile)Ladies laborers confront distinctive difficulties in the work environment like sexual orientation based separation, provocation, residential limitation, work and family issues and unequal pay In the previous couple of decades, the part of ladies in our general public has been definitely changed. Ladies can be viewed as warrior stream pilots, educationists, client administrations head, and organization administrators, administrator heads, saving money, HR and telecom area. Ladies are making a huge commitment in every segment. Men are never again considered as the main bread worker of the house. Ladies of the family are currently additionally fiscally supporting their family. Despite the fact that the quantity of working ladies is expanding step by step yet at the same time there are sure boundaries that they need to cross to substantiate themselves helpful for the activity advertise. Sexual harassment based separation: Working men are generally given out of line advantage in contrast with the working ladies. In this male ruling society, men are viewed as all the more dedicated, keen and preferable representatives over ladies. This sexual orientation separation result in expanded level of pressure and employment disappointment. It likewise diminishes inspiration to work and duty towards the activity. Essentially ladies are given lesser open doors for quality training which thus brings about absence of information with respect to innovative progression. Local Restrictions: Prior ladies were limited to their home and their essential part was to deal with family unit tasks. With time, because of increment in financial weights on families this limitation has been discharged. Presently in the vast majority of the families ladies are likewise permitted to get advanced education and do paid employments yet under specific limitations. The greatest level of working ladies can be viewed as wellbeing laborers, educationist, assistants or whatever other low paid occupation that are very little favored by men in light of the absence of development openings and low pay-scale. Ladies are permitted to do such occupations in light of the female prevailing condition. This thing has confined the lady's introduction to other accessible openings and restricted their development in the formative area. After throughout the day of work at office, regardless of how tired they will be, they additionally need to take care of local errands. Provocation at work put: Provocation is another fundamental issue looked by working ladies, as they are viewed as a simple focus by the male partners. The greater part of the ladies in Pakistan left their home to procure cash just at the season of extraordinary need, they are much powerless and associates and higher administration hassle them by passing improper comments or ridiculing them or in outrageous cases they disturb them sexually. Typically ladies stay noiseless on such acts or overlook them or endure it in dread of losing their activity. They are hesitant to make claims against the guilty parties. Some of them leave to dispose of this since they realize that it is of no utilization to make a grievance against them. Degenerate officers and higher specialists don't bolster them. Strict laws are there to help working ladies however just if this gets revealed. This is one of the real reasons why families don't enable ladies to work. Lower Pay-scale: The business ought to guarantee that uniform wages ought to be paid to the two people on an equivalent measure of work done. In numerous work environments, representatives are not permitted to examine their pay rates in view of which nobody ever comes to know whether they are paid less or not. Tormenting, provocation and mishandling are striking acts however bring down wages is a quiet offense, nobody makes any dissension and the issue proceeds. Ladies are paid less in light of the fact that business has this preset idea that she will leave the place of employment after marriage or in the wake of having youngsters. Ladies gain low likewise on the grounds that they need to pick a less difficult activity for themselves so they can invest more energy at home. Parenthood influences the lady's vocation antagonistically as opposed to men. The association should offer some family-friendlier approach and furthermore ensure break even with wages ought to be given to the workers without sexual orientation segregation. Staying noiseless on such act implies that we are quietly supporting this wrongdoing. Hitched Working Women: The majority of the wedded ladies are not permitted to carry out a vocation and furthermore, it winds up troublesome for them to keep up work and family tasks harmony as a result of expanded duty. Customarily, men are the bread workers of the house and it isn't considerable if ladies bolster the family fiscally or if ladies gain more than men. Hitched working ladies additionally confront issues at work. It isn't feasible for them to work in late hours. The vast majority of the work environments don't have nurseries or childcare where moms can keep their youngsters. Negative demeanors of male colleagues: Demeanor of male colleagues is now and again extremely mortifying and one-sided. It is viewed as that ladies are enlisted just to add shading to the workplace condition. Absence of working environment social help, from partners and chiefs prompts non-attendance, low turnover and occupation disappointment. Higher experts should endeavor to build up a strong and favorable workplace. Transport: The vehicle framework in our nation is extremely poor. This is a major obstruction for the ladies who need to go out for an occupation. People both need to confront this issue. In spite of the deficient accessibility of the general population transport, ladies likewise need to confront provocation. They will undoubtedly go on transports and vans since taxis are costly.

Capstone introduction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capstone introduction - Research Paper Example There are a number of factors which have affected Africa’s growth and caused it to remain behind. These are as follows; Education Education is the edification of one’s mind with knowledge, skills and even wisdom. In the modern world, education usually takes both formal and informal formats with formal education being the main form of education in today’s world. Despite Africa having a great number of people, most of them young, most of these are not educated. Africa has some of the highest numbers of uneducated and completely illiterate people (Bridges, 2007). Even most of multinational businesses corporations in Africa have to depend on outside countries for experts in different countries. According to Benson, Gospel and Zhu (2013), education is an integral and vital part of the development process. Africa remain the least educated continent, even after the massive missionary work in the previous hundred years which focused on delivering education, healthcare an d religions. Education in Africa is linked with economic prosperity. Only the wealthy can access useful education and only the educated can access wealth. This has left the continent being a continent of one billion extremely poor people and ten thousand billionaires. While the gap between the wealthy and the people is a major concern in almost any economy even in developed countries such as USA and United Kingdom, Africa has the greatest rift between the rich and the poor and this gap has been caused by the education Gap (Curaj, 2012). Most rich people in Africa are those whose families were lucky enough to access education in the pre-colonial era. These were mainly families which sided with colonial masters while the freedom fighters were in the forest fighting for the emancipation of their countries. Freedom fighters and their families never had an opportunity to get education and the wealth-education-wealth cycle never got to them. This has affected the continent ever since. Pol itics Political affects the way a country develops. Good democratic structures help a country to be able to take advantage of its resources and also to be able to help in overcoming its challenges. This is why politics is directly attached to leadership structures. Politicians are at the forefronts of a country’s leadership and therefore affect the way that country is going to develop, or not develop. It goes without saying that Africa is one of the youngest, or constitutes some of the youngest democracies in the world (Obiyan & Amuwo, 2012). In fact, most countries in the African continent can rarely be regarded as democracies. This lack of good political structures perpetuates the issues discussed above. Poor politics means corruption, which will prevent the poor from being able to access resources such as education (Obiyan & Amuwo, 2012). Poor political therefore has helped in maintaining the status quo, which means the maintenance or even expansion of the gap between the rich and the poor in Africa. As Faringer (1991) argues, corruption in many governments in Africa has meant that a few African leaders are prostituting African resources to other countries which mean that African resources only benefit a few already rich African people while the majority continue to suffer. These resources are then exported to other countries where they are used to benefit foreigners. Neo-colonialism Neo-colonialism is termed as a

Concept for Nursing Theories course (End-of-life care) Term Paper

Concept for Nursing Theories course (End-of-life care) - Term Paper Example A sixty-year old man has decided to stop treatment for lung cancer and just wait for his death. The patient already received chemotherapy, but his conditions continued to worsen. His kidneys are failing too. The patient, relatives, and health care staff have acknowledged the imminence of death. Specifically, the patient and his/her relatives understand that they will no longer prolong life and they will only wait for their patient’s natural course of death. Second, the doctors and nurses have consulted the patient and kin for the advance end-of-life care plan, where the symptoms’ relief is outlined. The plan also integrates psychological, social, practical, and spiritual aspects of patient care in planning for end-of-life care. Since the patient is Catholic, he already listens to Bible readings every day and receives visits from a priest. Third, the plan includes providing a support system to help the family cope during the patient’s illness and their own bereave ment. This includes counseling for the family and preparing them for the patient’s death. Finally, there should be a clear system of transparency and accountability in the decision-making process. If the patient signs a do-not-resuscitate order, the relatives should respect this decision, no matter how hard it is for them to let go.

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Report - Essay Example The following report is going to discuss two companies and their growth – Lazy Oaf Company and Bay & Brown Company. These two companies are major UK textile and apparel manufacturers. This report examines the growth prospects for the two companies trends in fashion have been listed at the close of the report. The aim and objective is to analyze the growth of the industry as a whole with the two companies presenting the model for growth behavior. A company with a vision to originate unconventional, vibrant outfits and frills was well established back in 2001 in East London. It initiated its work by printing t-shirts in a different style called â€Å"Screen Printed T-Shirts† This innovation got great appreciation and got famous in no time. The brand for its quality and uniqueness became reputable and spread its network in Japan, Paris and Italy. Creative designs and distinct style distinguish it from other brands. The company has mission to en light your day with it diverse product range, catering to all ages (Lazy Oaf Company, 2009). Witnessing the current economic downfall throughout the world the company has done remarkably well to maintain its place in the market by taking timely initiatives and launching campaigns and promotional offers that helped it securing its share in the market (Lazy Oaf Prices, 2009). The prices of products have been kept in accordance with the buying ability of masses, not to deprive them their right to buy quality brand. At this critical juncture the performance in terms of growth is uphill with innovation in Fashion stands as essential standpoint. A UK design studio that promotes exclusive compilation of ideas, print designs and notions fabricate for UK and various international fashion industries. Bay and Brown is playing a key role in boosting the image of the company all over the world in terms of setting a benchmark regarding the fine prints and designs famous for their innovation and cost effectiveness (Bay &

GNLD and its product Nutritional Supplements Assignment

GNLD and its product Nutritional Supplements - Assignment Example It is through the fast changing health industry that new ways and methods of diagnosis and promotion of better health has been implemented. All these proceedings have brought about patient care, worker efficiency, and hence better health. To achieve these objectives, several companies like GNLD, which manufacture and sell nutritional food supplements, have been introduced. This product has however been impacted by market forces as discussed in this paper. Degree of Rivalry With the increased need for better health, and the extensive research being carried out in the health industry, rival firms have increased competition drawing the profits that GNLD used to make initially. This has made the competition imperfect; hence, each other firm is struggling to achieve competitive advantage and a higher market share than its rival company. In addition, the controversy on the quality of products of the increasing nutritional food supplements companies and slowed down the market growth. This h as consequently led to need for storage of the products hence high cost. Further, some of the products are perishable thus; the company decides to sell the products at relatively lower prices. The exit barrier in any health related firms are high. This is because the costs of plants and machinery cannot be forgone thus the firm decides to keep competing no matter the state in the market. Though successful, GNLD has been forced to keep competing due to this factor (http://www.mlm-home-business-training.com/GNLD-Int-mlm-leaders-call-team-money-training-scheme-scam/secretsuccess.htm). Threats of Substitutes In a free market economy, restriction of entry into, and exit out of the market is not prohibited. This means that competitors with related commodities will venture in to the market. This threat will definitely occur since the demand of the products of GNLD has been affected by the prices changes in substitute product. For instance, a survey carried out in Kenya showed that GNLD pro ducts are highly affected by the prices from TIASHI, a competing food supplement company. From the research, it was found out that to become part of the marketing team in GNLD, a sum close to $36 is required then the individual should purchase products of high value. For TIASHI, a sum of $18 is required and the initial purchase is relatively lower. This determines the prices at which each the products are sold. Evidently, the close substitute products have constrained the ability of GNLD to raise prices (http://www.healthybusiness.co.za/GNLD%20Products%20Guide/introduction/i3.html). Buyers bargaining power This is the power potential buyers have on any industry that is producing commodities. In many market structures, the forces of demand and supply determine prices of commodities. It is obvious that buyers will expect such market structures. Since GNLD does not exist as a monopoly, the prices at which the food supplements are sold should be dependant of the market mechanisms. On th e contrary, the food supplements from GNLD have fixed prices. The only advantage extended to the buyer is the ability to buy smaller quantities. This means that the buyer does not have bargaining power. It is thus possible in such a case to shift to other substitutes which give the

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Report - Essay Example Figure 1 highlights that 40% of the world’s current population lives in arid regions (Balon and Dehnad, 2010). In developing countries in Africa and Asia, nearly a quarter of the population lives in arid and semi arid regions, compared to just 11% in Europe and 6% in Oceania. Figure 1 – Population Who Live in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions Source: www.water-asar.de/lang1/water_shortness_in_arid_and_semi-arid_regions_-_ar.html 3. Why Are There Water Shortages? The Welech Institute (2006) highlight many factors leading to water shortages. These include economic development, political and financial deficits, lack of information and education of population and lack of adapted technologies and know how. Figure 2 highlights several other key factors, and explains how this leads to water scarcity. Figure 2 – Reasons For Water Shortages Contributing Factor Explanation High Population Growth UN Population Division states population in developing regions (containing the most a rid areas) grew from 1.6 billion in 1950, to 4.5 billion by 2005, and is predicted to increase to 8 billion by 2050, which will put enormous stress on water supplies. Climate Change Increased temperature rise between 2-4Â °c, affecting climatic weather patterns with less rainfall and higher evaporation rates in arid regions. Higher Demand for Irrigation 70% of the world’s freshwater is currently used for irrigation, and agriculture is the biggest consumer of fresh water in arid regions. Groundwater Depletion Over pumping of groundwater (160 m? of non renewable groundwater extracted every year) Contamination of Water Resources Due to leaching of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers, domestic and industrial wastage, and untreated sewage. Adapted from Welech Institute Report (2006) 4. The Need for Action Figure 3 – Johannesburg 2002 Logo 5. South Africa and it’s Arid Regions Figure 4 – South Africa’s Arid Regions 6. Measures For Water Provision 6. 1. South Africa’s Demand For Water The National Water Resource Strategy documents of DWAF states that overall water demand is expected to increase by approximately 9% from 2000-2025 (DWAF, 2004). By 2025 DWAF states that there will need to be both reduced consumption and increase supply to maintain water security and allow for sustainable development. Therefore substantial investments are required for water infrastructure and other water management strategies. 6.2. Planning and Management The Development of a National Water Resource Strategy designed to address the management of the water resources to meet the development goals of the country; Identifies scarce water areas and constrains development as well as development opportunities where water resources are available Industrial users required to develop and submit their water directly from a water resource (DWAF, 2004) 6.3. Groundwater Extraction and Mixed Use of Surface and Groundwater Figure 5 – Groundwater Extra ction 6.4. Artificial Groundwater Recharge Refers to the process of transferring water into aquifers, such as rainfall and treated waste water. Advantages include; provides security during drought and dry seasons provides storage of

Tuning Out to be Heard Loud and Clear Essay Example for Free

Tuning Out to be Heard Loud and Clear Essay There is a reason TVs and radios come with an on-off switch, so people can use them. TV and radio are as commercial as any other industry, and they should be.   Preserving the people’s interest in available public broadcasting by presenting information in a balanced manner is a nice ideal, but ultimately a foolish one if you want to maintain a free and capitalistic society.   It is drafted in The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that â€Å"Congress shall make no law.    .   .   abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.† Yet in 1949 the Fairness Doctrine was enacted which stifled this right.   It was a point of much controversy in broadcasting for nearly 40 years until it was repealed in 1987, but now there are discussions about re-enacting it.   The FCC should not require radio and television to comply with the Fairness Doctrine if they want to maintain the rights of U.S. citizens. At their core, radio and television are forms of entertainment.   One of the initial arguments of the Fairness Doctrine was that there were a limited number of frequencies available to license and that â€Å"there are many fewer broadcast licenses than people who would like to have them† (Rendall, 2005). Following that rationale there are a number of different entertainment venues people would like to operate, but they are limited by space or money or the abundance of that business present in their community.   Television and radio aren’t essential to life; they are a luxury, a form of entertainment and should be viewed as such. It is true that they also act in an informative and educational way, but it is and should be at the discretion of the broadcaster what to publish, just as it is and should be at the discretion of the recipient whether or not to tune in.   Radio and television may be available to the public, but stations/ frequencies are owned and operated by corporations.   What they offer will be driven by public interest in so much as the public will disengage if it doesn’t like what is available. Particularly with the advent of cable/ satellite television and digital radio the possibilities for viewers are virtually endless.   In 1984 the Supreme Court in FCC v. League of Women Voters concluded that the â€Å"scarcity rationale underlying the doctrine was flawed and that the doctrine was limiting the breadth of public debate† (Thierer, 1993).   Ultimately broadcasting is just another sellable product.   Mark Fowler, the FCC chair appointed by Regan in the 80s was quoted as saying, ‘The perception of broadcasters as community trustees should be replaced by a view of broadcasters as marketplace participants.’ To Fowler, television was ‘just another appliance—it’s a toaster with pictures,’ and he seemed to endorse total deregulation) ‘We’ve got to look beyond the conventional wisdom that we must somehow regulate this box.’ (Rendall, 2005). Fowler is right; it is not a broadcaster’s responsibility acting as a mouthpiece for entertainment, providing a marketable product that we have to ‘buy’ into, to act in the community interest.   Eventually the broadcaster will respond to community interest because they are the audience and essentially determine what is played on the air by their willingness to engage, but it is not a broadcaster’s responsibility to do so.   Government should not be regulating available information because broadcasting is a consumer driven market. The only discrepancy would be if we were talking about national or local government owned stations.   In the special case of those, it is in the best interest of citizens to have a balanced stream of information available particularly in a democratic political system.   Those stations would be used to inform and should be objective and/ or balanced because citizens would be using them as trusted unbiased resources.   However all other ‘public’ broadcasting sources currently available are privately owned by corporations and are and should be exclusively market driven to protect our right to free speech. It is interesting that PBS the touted public broadcasting station was generated out of a demand from citizens to create just such a network of more balanced and educational information.   It was created and driven by the market and is funded primarily by its viewers (it does get some government grant funding and private grant funding for programming), so it is clear that tuning out or more to the point demanding alternate forms of entertainment (ultimately even PBS is still a just an alternate form of entertainment) works and there is no need for regulations. The Fairness Doctrine addresses more specifically the coverage of political or current social issues. The Fairness Doctrine had two basic elements: It required broadcasters to devote some of their airtime to discussing controversial matters of public interest, and to air contrasting views regarding those matters. Stations were given wide latitude as to how to provide contrasting views: It could be done through news segments, public affairs shows or editorials. (Rendall, 2005). In enacting such a doctrine you limit the diversity available on the airwaves. In trying to follow regulations stations will be more guarded in what they present to avoid being fined or shut down by the FCC.   It actually stifles the opportunity for rigorous debate and challenges to opinion; by either not offering up the discussion of more controversial issues or by censoring them.   In 1974 the Supreme Court, while still upholding the doctrine in the Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo case concluded that it, inescapably dampens the vigor and limits the variety of public debate (Thierer, 1993). It also runs into the issue of who decides what fair coverage is.   .   .   a bunch of bureaucratic stuffed shirts at the FCC a board ultimately designed to enact ‘rules for censorship’.   How do we ensure that their own views wont taint their ‘fairness’ decisions. With the amount of available stations, forms of media, just access to get information in general, the concept of a Fairness Doctrine is outdated when people can just change the channel or disconnect all together.   Broadcasting whether for public or private availability is still just a form of entertainment and should be treated as such.   Its regulation should be deemed by its market segments because viewers are (or at least should be) more than capable of influencing what is available to them. Viewers should also be allowed to filter their own information, seek out differing opinions; after all just because an opposing view might be offered doesn’t mean that listener is obliged to stick around.   Just tuning out is the loudest and clearest form of speech and is all the regulation that is really needed. References Rendall, Steve. (2005). The Fairness Doctrine How We Lost it, and Why We Need it Back. FAIR, February 12, 2005. Retrieved March 15, 2009, from http://www.commondreams.org/views05/0212-03.htm Thierer, Adam. (1993). Why the Fairness Doctrine is Anything But Fair. The Heritage Foundation, Executive Memorandum #368, October 29, 1993. Retrieved March 15, 2009, http://www.heritage.org/Research/Regulation/EM368.cfm The Constitution of the United States. Amendment 1.